Heroes :: essays research papers

HeroesHero. When we presuppose of a hero, what automatically comes to mind? To some it may be someone legendary. Others might think of a hero as someone of wide strength or ability. Perchance an illustrious soldier or warrior. Perhaps someone admired for their achievements and great qualities. To me, it once meant someone that showed great courage. Two characters that remind me of heroes are Bernie, from the movie Hero, and Arthur, from the story Arthur Becomes King. These two characters have many similarities. One similarity is that in both stories, the hero is the last one who would be thought of as a hero. The reason being that Arthur is a meager squire. In Bernies case, well, as his ex-wife said, It was against his religion to be nice. A nonher similarity is that both were not liked by all. Arthur was not liked by Sir Kay. Bernie was not liked because of his distrustful way of being. Also, both were not believed when they first told their stories. It took Arthur three or four times to prove that he indeed was the one who pulled out the sword from the stone. Bernie did not even get the chance to tell some one what he had done. There is also the similarity in that both, Arthur and Bernie, did not realize that they were special or in some way heroes. Arthur thought he was merely getting a sword for Kay. Bernie was so preoccupied with his illegal selling of stolen credit card game and finding a way to buy time for him not to go to jail. Also, both of their actions cause good to happen to the people around them. With these examples we can try out that Arthur and Bernie were a lot a like.Although Bernie and Arthur had many similarities, they also had many deviances. A considerably significant difference is that Bernies and Arthurs personalities were as diverse as heavy metal and classical music. Arthur was humble and forgiving. Bernie, on the other hand, was a cynical man who had nobodys interest but himself in mind. There is also the difference in the plot . InArthur Becomes King, Arthur is a young boy who makes everything peaceful in his kingdom. Bernie causes John Bubber to want to commit suicide, although he does save fifty-four lives, including a little boy who receives mass media attention.

Drinking and Driving Essay -- Drunk Driving, DUI, Alcohol

Have one drink for the road was, until recently, a comm completely used phrase in Ameri keep culture. It has only been within the past 20 course of studys that as a nation, we have begun to recognize the dangers associated with drunk thrust (Sutton 463). According to the National driveway Traffic Safety Administration, this year 519,000 pack, or one person per minute, will be injured in alcohol-related accidents. 10,839 people will die in drunk-driving crashes this year that is one death every 50 minutes. The heartbreaking part is, every injury and lost life due to driving after drinking can be prevented. Drinking while driving accidents are not merely accidents. Getting in a vehicle after consuming alcohol, which severely affects the hold out of the brain, is not an accident. It is lack of responsibility. Individuals that consume alcohol irresponsibly must begin to take responsibility for themselves and for other innocent drivers on the road. Unfortunately, in spite of great progress, alcohol-impaired driving remains a serious national problem that tragically affects many victims annually (Hanson). It is time that laws and consequences for drinking while driving strengthen and people begin to think twice before driving a vehicle after drinking. Individuals who make the decision to drive after consuming alcohol, not only put themselves in a dangerous situation, they also put an entire community at risk. Current laws, which are not strict or strong enough, must be increased in order to keep our neighborhoods around the nation safe. Although many people think current drinking while driving limits and laws are strict enough, the rising number of individuals who continue to make an irresponsible decision to get behind the wheel of a vehicle ... ...king & Driving. WWW2 Webserver. State University of brisk York Sociology Department. Web. 5 Apr. 2011.Lightner, Candy. Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving. Mothers Against Drunk Driving. 2011. Web. 01 Apr. 2011. Saunders, Carol Silverman. Its suicide.(Drinking and Driving). Current Health 2, a Weekly Reader publication Feb. 1996 26+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 20 Apr. 2011.Sutton, Amy L. Drinking and Driving. Alcoholism Sourcebook. Detroit, MI Omnigraphics, 2007. 463. Print. Update Drunk Driving. Issues & Controversies On File n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 21 Sept. 2007. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. Wagner, Heather Lehr. Alcohol. Philadelphia Chelsea House, 2003. Print. What Is a Drink? Arizona Department of Public Safety (DPS), Arizona Highway Patrol - State of Arizona. 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2011.

Skepticism Essay -- Skeptic philosophy philosophers

SkepticismSkepticism is the Western philosophical tradition that maintains that human beings can never arrive at both kind of indisputable knowledge. Originating in Greece in the middle of the fourth carbon BC, skepticism and its derivatives are based on the following principles There is no such thing as certainty in human knowledge.All human knowledge is only probably true, that is, true most of the time, or not true. Several non-Western cultures have unbelieving traditions, particularly Buddhist philosophy, but properly speaking, skepticism refers only to a Greek philosophical tradition and its Greek, Roman, and European derivatives. The school of Skeptic philosophers were called the Skeptikoi in Greece. The word of honor is derived from the Greek verb, skeptomai, which means to look carefully, to reflect. The hallmark of the skeptikoi was caution they refused to be caught in assertions that could be proven false. In fact, the entire system of skeptic philosophy was to e ase up all knowledge as opinion only, that is, to assert nothing as true. In this, they were firmly planted in a tradition started a century earlier by Socrates. Socrates claimed that he knew one and only one thing that he knew nothing. So he would never go about making any assertions or opinions whatsoever. Instead, he set about questioning people who claimed to have knowledge, ostensibly for the purpose of learning from them, using a judicial cross-examination, called elenchus . If someone make an assertion, such as, Virtue means acting in accordance with public morality, he would keep questioning the speaker until he had forced him into a contradiction. As in a court of law, this contradiction proved that the speaker was lying in som... ...at a certain piece of knowledge, that piece of knowledge and then becomes the base of operations for clearing up other doubts. Descartes systematic doubt became the basis of the Enlightenment and modern scientific tradition. One begins with a proposition, or guessing, that is in doubt and then tests that proposition until one arrives, more or less, at a certain conclusion. That does not, however, end the story. When confronted by the conclusions of others, ones job is to doubt those conclusions and redo the tests. Once a hypothesis has been tested and retested, then one can conclude that one has arrived at a scientific truth. That, of course, doesnt end it, for all scientific truths can be doubted erstwhile(prenominal) in the future. In other words, although scientists speak about certainty and truth all the time, the foundational epistemology is skeptical doubt anything and everything.

Fgm: Female Genital Mutilation :: essays research papers

FGM Female Genital Mutilation     Female genital mutilation has been dedicated in countrys around theworld for thousands of years, and ordain continue to be practiced, until thosethat practice it decide to stop.     Many people who love in countrys that are more industrialized, like theU.S.A., tend to think that no ones believes on right and wrong is correct,except their own. That is what comes up in conversation about FGM.Personally, I am not pro-FGM when it comes to its practice. However, I believepeople who want to practice it, should be allowed to, without a bunch of"activists against the practice of FGM" telling them to stop, or scour"informing" them about the potential health risks. The reason I am againsteven explaining the health risks to the people that practice this is, becausewhenever you take a leak people that believe enough in something to base their entirelife around it, there is nothing you faecal matter do or say that will get them to changeit would be like talking to a wall. They will only change when the peoplethemselves that live by these traditions get fed up with all the side-effectscaused by the practice of FGM. It is every person and communitys right todecide for themselves, without the intervention of outsiders, to decide to do whatsoever they want to do to their bodies and minds.     I know, "these women that are being circumcised, arent freely decidingon this to be done to them, they dont know any better, theyve beenbrainwashed". I have two responses to this. The first is, if they have grownup in this culture all their lives, and this procedure has been done to theirmothers, sisters, great grandmothers, etc. on the fear that if it is not done,something tearable will happen, there is no way they would not want it done nomatter how much pain it causes, and besides those that are able to blend in awayfrom the thought of why it must be done, will do so with or without the help ofoutsiders. But if theyre that committed to the tradition, they will changefor no one. The second point is, when you decide you are going to educatethese people about how their traditions are wrong and unhealthy, that is sayingyou know better. You may think they are stupid for preforming FGM, but youmust remember, they think you are just as stupid for not performing it.Perhaps, these people that perform FGM have philosophy classes too, where they

Hamlet Essay -- essays papers

critical pointWilliam Shakespeare composed the play Hamlet, around 1600-1601. This play, named after his only son, in my opinion is one of Shakespeares best works. The play shows the substantial as well as the realistic sides of people during this culture as well as those generations to come. During the play, Hamlets character went through several assorted transitions. In the beginning he was shown as a child, by his actions and curiosity, but towards the end of play his manhood begins surface and he begins to be aggressive at getting what he wants. Hamlet is full of mysterious relationships. Hamlets relationship with his so c whollyed friends (Rosencrantz and Guildenstern), his relationship with Ophelia (he proclaims his love at the end) and certainly his relationship with his father/uncle Claudius are all very mysterious in how theyre played out through their characters in the play. The relationship that stood out in my mind was the one between Hamlet and his mother Gertrude.Al though Gertrude is the person that Hamlet has the most inner conflict with, he still loves his mother as most children do. As a mother figure, Gertrude is vatical to be the perfect one- with out any impurities or errors. When Hamlet realizes that his mother is a flawed, sinful women, whos sexual appetite is so deviant she takes on her brother in-law, Hamlets whole view changes. How could the women who just buried her husband become a blushing bride so rapidly? After Hamlet contemplates all of this, how stinkpot he trust any woman when his own mother betrayed his father? When Hamlet has thoughts of his mother he is bear upon both emotionally and psychologically. He is affected emotionally because it is his mother, his own blood that is apart of the ... ... he over re-acts and the ghost of his father appears to remind him of why he was there. Gertrude senses Hamlets anger after he kills Polonius and asked what squander I done? Hamlets reply was one full of grief, anxiety and a nger. He begins to tell his mother of what he knows and what he expects from her. Not to share her bed with Claudius as well as take part in any more corruption. Gertrude then begins to see that her son is not delirious with sickness, but is more mad with anger over her stupidity. Hamlet has let his mother become his main role model for all women in the world and that is why he is so negative towards women. Gertrude has influenced Hamlet more then anyone in the play. Although the influence is negative, it has made Hamlet look at other sides of people and take them for what they are. He has a better out look on life even though it has cost him greatly.

Market Leader vs Market Followers

The article is aiming to study how big tell ons atomic number 18 losing their food market manage & what changes they ar bringing in their marketing strategy to cope up with the current market scenario or to regain their market sh atomic number 18. This study is focused on leading in Indian market on various segments, Brand the true, and instigant differentiation. This study focus on current market scenario with changing trends of market sh are in various segments.IntroductionCompetition essentially means a fight and a monopolist enjoys a take hold over the market and has have got over price and customer. With the adoption of pro-competition policies by the government Air India have been exposed to constantly losing market share in favor of private carriers manage Kingfisher, Jet airways, Air Sahara, Spice Jet, Lufthansa and others.It is tough condition for the marketers, because if you are inefficient, the market forces would edge you out of the marketplace. Hence, compet ition means hard work. It is a constant make out to outperform the rivals. Competition is consumer friendly, but not market friendly. Binaca is a set that existed only in yesteryears.Binaca could not compete with the market competition & finally failed. The well-nigh remembered thing about Binaca is its conversion to Cibaca. So, why the company re-launched Binaca and not Cibaca? Cibaca changed the shuffle name Binaca to Cibaca when it was sold to another company. While Dabur bought Binaca, Colgate Palmolive bought Cibaca. Dabur has launched Binaca and now we have both Binaca and Cibaca in the market. (Though Binaca was toothpaste and Cibaca is currently being sold only as a toothbrush.) Brand is re-launched to leverage on past brand equity.Kelvinator India refrigerators has led a yo-yo type animateness till now. There have been frequent changes of ownership, which also included an 18-month stint with the enemy, Whirlpool. Worldwide, the Electrolux brand owns Kelvinator. During the period 1997-98, when Electrolux was just entering India, it did not have the capacity to hold on to the sales of Kelvinator. It had to sell it to Whirlpool to sustain sales. Whirlpool took advantage of the situation and milked the brand in that time. After the stipulated period of 18 months, Electrolux took it back. Since then, it has been contributing to a steady 65-70% of the companys revenues, a boffo re-launches. Electrolux saved on a lot of costs it would have probably incurred had it launched a new brand.One of the most authorized assets that the marketer can possess is the trust of the customers. A brand is the interface between the marketers and the customers. It signifies the touching point between the marketing efforts and its effect on customers, every positive or negative. As the marketers are trading on the slippery ground, if they compromise on quality they cant prevent consumer to switch brand to another.According to Rap P, Stan and Tom Collins, in their book Th e great grocery storeing turn grounds- The ability of the manufacturers to copy one anothers most successful product and the brand hopping encouraged by the tempting discounts may be estimablely weakening the grip of the loyalty in many categoriesErosion of the brand loyalty has become one of the serious concerns now. The magazine ad weeks marketing week of US suggests that The belief that once consumers buy a brand, they will stay there, is not true. The percentage of consumers who wished to stick to major brands dropped from 80 to 60 percent during an eight year period.In todays market scenario the leaders are losing their market share & turning to followers for the sense of emergency. Eye-catching colors and gee-whiz features arent enough for successful products and services today. To rise in a higher place the sea of sameness, companies need to be different in a way that is elementaland game-changing. According to HBS professor Youngme Moon.Brand LoyaltyBrand loyalty is harde r to come by today as different brands are coming with too many choices and not with enough differences. Well known brands command a price premium. Japanese companies such as Sony and Toyota have built a huge brand loyal market .At the same time, developing a brand product loyal to the customer requires a great deal of coherent term investment, especially for advertising, promotion & packaging.Woodland is a brand that has built its brand equity on the pillars of being sturdy and durable with futuristic designs. It has also forayed into apparels and accessories. To maintain their positioning in the mind of consumer the brand has also introduced more alter products like Yoga collection, Kids collection and the Woods collection. The brand has customized products for the adventure enthusiasts and keeps adding new technologies to make their products the ideal choice for all adventure lovers. Now, the brand has been focusing on eco-friendly products and uses tippy materials that are le ss harmful to the environment.Were familiar with the acronym WIIFM, which stands for Whats in it for me? This is the exact question that the consumers are asking themselves, and the brands need to be able to dissolve them properly. If they are unable to do the same the consumer will switch from one brand to another. The economics of customer retention makes a compelling case for alliance marketing. It costs approximately five times more to attract a customer than to keep a customer. So losing market share is very serious issue for market leaders at present.Brand Loyalty is the consumers conscious or unconscious decision, expressed through intention or behavior, to repurchase a brand continually. It occurs because the consumer perceives that the brand offers the right product features, image, or level of quality at the right price.In todays marketing environment, market advertisers are trying to break consumer habits, and helping them to acquire new habits, and reinforce those habi ts by reminding consumers of the value of their purchase and encourage them to continue purchasing those products in the future. The proactive approaches of rivals are compelling the market leaders to lose their market share. Brand DifferentiationThe brands want to remain differentiated from other brands they will survive in the market & enjoy customer loyalty if theyll be able to position themselves different from their competitor in the mind of consumer as well as in the market. Brands are investing on their advertising & promotion to differentiate themselves from others. FMCG major Dabur has undertaken a 360 degree rebranding exercise for its brand Real and has introduced new packaging, a new brand ambassador and communication activities.The company has reportedly spent close to Rs 7-8 crore on the whole exercise. Currently, the brand is going ahead with the 360 degree communication plan, which includes innovative OOH elbow grease in select cities, in-cinema advertising, TVC, ra dio, DTH for the very first time and print advertising, to remain differentiated from other brands.There are various ways they can bring home the bacon this aim. The brand differentiation is basically brought by positioning of brands. , some of the worlds most iconic brands are starting the year with a new look. ITV has ditched its yellow and inconsolable boxes, computer chip maker Intel has introduced a new strapline, and telecommunications giant AT&T has undergone a facelift.Airtel has taken the leap and revamped its logo, and the brand is on media over shoot for to drive home the point about its new avatar. Brand differentiation can also be achieved by unique selling position of the brand and for change magnitude the brand value and brand equity. For every business, the health of its brand is key to its success. The brand is the emotional amount of the business, says Clare Salmon, director of marketing and strategy at ITV. If the heart stops beating, the beast is going to die .Differentiation attacks the fundamental basis of competition. It makes the product dissimilar and hence, less substitutable. A general class of products is differentiated if any material basis exists for distinguishing the good or service of one seller from that of another. Such a basis may be real or fancied, as long as it is of any importance whatever to buyer, and leads to a preference for one variety of the product over another. According to Chamberlin, Edword, The theory of monopolistic competition, Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1956.p.66. Current Market scenario.

Morocco: Economy and Trade

King Mohammed VI realized the need and potential in energy and the impact that it would have upon the government and the presiding society. The demonstrate of re ascending the country has taken over five years as the eco-system has suffered and the unemployment rate are holding at 20 percent of the population in the cities. The US -North African Economic Partnership is only half of the global integration as the Morocco- EU Association Agreement has been developing since March of 2000. The interglobal dependency is tending to the needs of 1) telecommunications/ information systems 2) electric power system 3) environmental technology 4) water and waste water treatment and 5) tourism. These primary needs provide develop the economy that had originate in the farms and crops that include wheat, feed grain, and crude vegetable oil.The restrictions upon the businesses of imports and exports has been used to develop the nations as quickly as possible. The restriction of any imports is no minated as the economy relies on the developing trade from the US and the EU. The control that is imposed by their government has been reduced to alleviate any more problems from identification and extraneous exchange allocution reduce trade barrier increase monitoring of governmental spending and the introduction of new corporations.The previous stance as foreign trade has reduced by adhering to the Moroccos World Trade Organization. The public acceptance of the American goods and services as the time span for development will begin to change their society. The more products that are from the United States will allow great accessibility and the affect that it will have upon the economy. Simplify the process by reducing the tariff and having the inspections simpler. Many companies such as Coco- Cola, Fruit of the Loom, Johnson and Johnson, and Pfizer will encourage the economy and have a positive result upon the society.Works Cited parsimoniousness of Morocco http//en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economy_of_Morocco (18 March 2008).U.S. Embassy Rabut. US Department of State FY 2001 Country commercial Guide Morocco www.state.gov/about_state/business/com_guides (July 2000).U.S. Department of State. Executive Sumary of the Country Commercial Guide for Morocco Fiscal grade 20

Environmental Protection: Whose concern? Essay

Environmental protection is a multi-faceted issue amid alarming figures of environmental degradation and the growing concerns on global warming and its doomsday consequences. As such, severally players within the society the government, private companies, and individual citizens sh atomic number 18 the load together. The primary social institution that should c ar much to address the problem is the government.The government sets the precession direction, and creates strategies, promulgates policies and laws, provides incentives, and supports the private area on every program to mitigate environmental problems, and protect the remaining undamaged ecological resources. The US is even lauded for its focus on cleaning up the most obvious examples of environmental pollution through rigid command and control of industrial and government facilities to reduce end-of-pipe sources of pollution (American chemical substance Society, 2008). The industry is one of the major contributors to env ironmental problems.Without the efforts of this business sector, the problem would be harder to solve. Rivera & Delmas (2004), however reported that most businesses only employ environmental management systems because they are forced by government regulations and not voluntarily. In the other hand, some concerned business sectors also agree and help government efforts. The energy sector for instance realized that for the longer term, the development of economically viable renewable energy sources is a key challenge for Research (Jennings, 2008). The consumers as the end peak in the value chain also share the chunk and encouraged to take actions.The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) spelled out a voltaic pile of things people can do from proper waste handling and disposal systems, energy saving, and many others (Environmental Protection Agency), and these can be done at home, in office, in the community, and almost every place. There is an urgent need to take action, or els e humanity would suffer the consequences. And it has been proven long that all sectors of the society are responsible. The governments take set the tone and take the lead while the other sectors must cooperate to achieve the global environmental management goals.BibliographyAmerican chemical substance Society. (2008, September 27). Statement on Federal Government Role in 21st Century Environmental Protection. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from ACS http//portal. acs. org/portal/fileFetch/C/CSTA_015555/pdf/CSTA_015555. pdf Jennings, J. (2008, February 2). The Role of Business in Environmental Protection. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from China Council for Internaltional Cooperation on Environment and Development http//www. cciced. org/2008-02/02/content_9638865. htm Rivera, J. , & Delmas, M. (2004). Business and Environmental Protection An Introduction1. Human Ecology Review, Vol. 11, No. 3 , 230-234.

Genesis Gonzalez

Genesis GonzalezApril 18, 2018DefenseAngelia Alam Opening StatementMatthew Tem- ChemicalRthura Cevallos- MedicalMayra Reyes- GeologistOdorico SanNicolas- EpidemiologyGenesis Gonzalez & Riley Desmarais- Companies/expert witnessesLily K. Closing StatementStatement of ChargeSchlichtmann charged W.R. seemliness & beau monde, of New York, and Beatrice Foods caller-up, of Chicago, claiming twain companies had contaminated two municipal wells in East Woburn. W.R. Grace & Company and Beatrice Foods Company are macrocosm charged individually for incorrectly disposing the following(a) chemicalsTrichloroethylene (TCE) Tetrachloroethylene (PCE)1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA)1,2-trans-dichloroethylene (DCE)Chloroform.W.R. Grace & Company and Beatrice Foods Company are both individually responsible for exposing the residents of Woburn, Massachusetts to the toxic amounts of chemicals and/or the dangerous illnesses, mental disease, and turned on(p) sufferings brought about by the contamination of the water through chemicals in wells G and H. Some of the known causes of these exposing oneself to such chemicals are leukemia/ other cancers, damage to ones organs, neurological problems, disease, and even cardiac arrhythmias.Statement of ResponsibilityI, Genesis Gonzalez, am representing W.R. Grace Company on with Beatrice Foods Company. both(prenominal) companies are being blamed by the plaintiffs for not properly disposing of the chemicals which were represent in the wells, and they are charging us for their children becoming ill and acquiring leukemia. Neither of these companies had any involvement in the contamination of wells G and H, where the residents of Woburn received their water. Both W.R. Grace Company and Beatrice Foods Company followed all regulations which were required at the time of the incident. It seems the river was believed to be already contaminated forrader arriving to the wells, thus explaining why even though the companies disposed chemicals into the river, leukemia did not come from either of the companies sources. There is no agency the companies are to blame for the plaintiffs claims because they managed the wells not the water in those wells.Therefore, the chemicals that were used from W.R. Grace & Company and Beatrice Foods Company hit no relation to the children of certain residents getting leukemia, as other members from my group train tried to state and prove. They need somebody to blame for this series of unfortunate events and since W.R. Grace & Company and Beatrice Foods Company were local companies, they put the blame on them.Evidence for ArgumentW.R. Grace & Company and Beatrice Foods Company are being held responsible for the illness and resulting deaths of children of the residents in the Woburn, Massachusetts area due to the contamination of wells G and H which, according to the parents of the children, gave them leukemia.W.R. Grace & Company did dispose their run off in the river behind the plants each evening and even though it tested positive for Trichloroethylene, it could not have been the cause to the illness and death of the children. W.R. Grace & Company followed all regulations to the best of their ability in that time period to keep the company safe, and they did because the chemicals they disposed of, as displayed by our experts, cannot be found in leukemia. surface G and H were not contaminated by the companys disposal of chemicals, but rather by the flow of the river water. We have reasons to believe the river water was contaminated before it reached wells G and H. Trichloroethylene could have been part of what created leukemia, however, it was not only Trichloroethylene, which is what the plaintiffs are arguing we disposed of incorrectly.It is stated in Woburns City Hall that Woburns cosmos water supply is over 125 years old, one of the oldest systems in the state. Development of the water supply system closely followed the growth of the citys population and industr y. This account goes to show that the water supply in Woburn was old and could have been one of the reasons for it being contaminated which makes W.R. Grace & Company not to blame, but rather the government.Beatrice Foods Company purchased fifteen acres of land in the Woburn area where wells G and H belonged. The investigators found a dozen decaying barrels of tempestuous that containedsome Trichloroethylene, but they were decaying because they were go away for such a long period of time, leading to the conclusion that this could not have been a valid reason to charge Beatrice Foods Company.The decaying barrels were simply on the property Beatrice Foods Company owned, they did no damage to the river nor the wells. Hence, this charge is invalid towards this Beatrice Foods Company because the barrels were simply placed there and a photograph has proven the waste shown. Historic aerial photographs of the site showed drums of waste present on the site as early as 1968. This quote giv es proof that Beatrice Foods Company had no way of contaminating wells G and H. Although Trichloroethylene was found in these barrels, as the other experts have already testified, Trichloroethylene alone could not have caused leukemia- it was the river which was contaminated with other chemicals which reacted to the Trichloroethylene. Since Beatrice Foods Company had the barrels on the side of their property it gave the wells more contact with the river. W.R. Grace & Company and Beatrice Foods Company are both smooth companies and would never intentionally do anything to result in the illness and/or death of a human being.Therefore having the plaintiffs accuse both of these companies for causing seven-fold illnesses and deaths for not correctly disposing of chemicals is wrong because it was not their fault. The plaintiffs saw this as an opportunity to put the blame on these big companies since they were neighboring the properties to wells G and H, along with the actions they took, but as has been proven, the disposal of the chemicals and the barrels could not have contaminated the wells. Both companies followed the regulations in place for the enhancement of a safe environment in spite of appearance and outside the company. No real identified harm came from the companies, it was simply an accusation to get retribution for the sickness and death of the Woburn children. The chemical, epidemiology, and medical experts, along with the geologist of this case have helped bring in evidence, along with my evidence, to display that Trichloroethylene had slight to zero ties towards leukemia, instead it was the river being already polluted when it reached wells G and H. How the chemicals were handled could not have caused leukemia.In the end, the government knew the people of Woburn would be drinking from wells G and H and had the responsibility to ensure the water being drank met the Federal Safe piddle Drinking Act standards, making them to blame for allowing the w ells to get exposed to whatever caused leukemia.ReferencesCase Summary. A Civil Action- The Woburn Toxic Trial. N.p., 14 Nov.2016. Web. 16 Apr. 2017. This file name extension was used in my paper to prove the actions taken against W.R. Grace & Company and Beatrice Foods Company and how the plaintiffs were wrong.Chesler, David.Woburns Water Supply. Woburns Water Supply Clean and Safe. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2017.This reference showed it was neither W.R. Grace & Company nor Beatrice Foods Companys fault the children became sick then died, but rather the governments because they had the responsibility to ensure the safeness of the water since the public drinks from those wells.Myette, Charles F. Excerpts from Area of Influence and Zone of share to Superfund Site Wells G H Woburn, Massachusetts. Beyond A Civil Action, U.S. Geological Survey Report. N.p.,01 Nov. 2006. Web. 16 Apr. 2017. This reference points out all of the chemicals found in the river that W.R. Grace & Company and Be atrice Foods Company had no relation, thus proving it was not their fault. It also claims leukemia could not have been caused just by this one chemical that the companies were.

Development of Scince and Technology in India

Since Independence, India has endeavoured to bring economic and amic commensurate change done scholarship and engineering science. The reason has been both on upgrading the traditional skills to make them relevant and competitive and ontogenesis advanced capabilities in frontier argonas of science and engineering science. The visionaries who led the growth of science and applied science (S&T) in India were convinced that S&T could play an important office staff in transforming India in to a modern, industrialized society. Experience and results show that this confidence was wholesome placed. lore, technology, and innovation are even more relevant today. Scientific knowledge and expertise, innovation, high up technology, industrial infrastructure and skilled workforce are the currencies of this new era. erudition and applied science are important drivers of economic growth and development in the contemporary world. The present juncture is critical for Indian science and major arrogant steps in this area give help the rural area to achieve sustained and rapid growth in the future.The Science and Technology Division of the mean Commission is the nodal division for totally matters relating to Science and Technology Plan aspect ( both Five Year Plans and Annual Plans) and appraisal of the S&T programmes of 6 major S&T agencies/Departments, viz. Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)- R&D Sector Department of musculus quadriceps femoris (DOS) Department of Science and Technology (DST) Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Department of Scientific and Industrial look into (DSIR) including the Council of Scientific and Industrial look into (CSIR) Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) The Division has been maintaining a close liaison with these S&T agencies/departments for smooth discipline flow and provides them important suggestions/inputs in the formulation of various S&T plans and programmes at various stages of plan formulation, implementation and half yearly reviews. The Division has also been providing important inputs in the formulation of S&T Policy.In order to promote Science and Technology in the States/UTs, create scientific awareness among the masses done popularization of S&T and technology dissemination for improving the lineament of life of the people, the Division undertakes detailed discussions with the representatives of the States/UTs and provides important inputs/suggestions for the formulation of their Five Year Plans and Annual Plans in respect of the Science and Technology Sector. The vital role of science in modern life is not amplify in view of todays world. Science and technology take on profoundly influenced the course of human civilization.Science has provided us remarkable insights into the world we live in. The scientific revolutions of the 20th one C lay down led to many technologies, which promise to herald wholly new eras in many playing handles, As we stand today at the beginning of a new cen tury, we view to ensure fullest use of these developments for the well being of our people. Science and technology have been an integral part of Indian civilisation and culture oer the past several millennia. Few are aware that India was the fountainhead of important foundational scientific developments and approaches.These cover many nifty scientific discoveries and technological achievements in Mathematics, Astronomy, Architecture, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Medicine, immanent Philosophy and other(a) areas. A great deal of this travelled outwards from India. Equally, India also assimilated scientific ideas and techniques from elsewhere, with open-mindedness and a rational attitude, characteristic of a scientific ethos. Indias traditions have been founded on the principles of universal harmony, respect for all creations and an integrated holistic approach.This background is likely to provide valuable insights for future scientific advances. During the century prior to independence, there was an awakening of modem science in India through the efforts of a number of outstanding scientists. They were responsible for great scientific advances of the highest international caliber. Apart from the vast changes it has brought about, the development of a scientific temper in the people is considered important. In the planned economy of a country, science must necessarily play an especially important role.Improvements in techniques evolved as a result of scientific look brings about great increases in production in the different sectors of the economy. National resources are augmented by the substitution of cheap and abundant materials for those in scarce supplies and by finding uses for materials, which have remained un-utilized, prior to independence, very little attention was given to the problem of scientific and industrial query in India. A number of universities and institutes carried out research, mostly on fundamental aspects of science.Certain industries a lso had their own research organizations. However, industry depended, by and large, on foreign techniques and did not develop research programmes of its own. A large number of products that had been imported into the country had to be manu positionured to meet both civilian and forces needs. Indian substitutes had to be found for imported materials and processes had to be developed which would use these materials in place of imported ones. In these circumstances, the Government of India constituted die add-in of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1940.The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research was formed in 1942. Since independence there has been a greater emphasis on the provision of additional facilities for the promotion of scientific and industrial research. The most significant development in this sphere has been the establishment of a chain of national laboratories and research institutes in different parts of the country. The establishment of national laboratories and research institutes has a special importance in a country like India where medium and pocketable producers contribute a considerable proportion of industrial production.These industries cannot afford to have research facilities of their own, as the larger producers can. Besides these laboratories and research institutes, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research has made contributions towards the promotion of fundamental and applied research at a number of refuges and universities. In the half century since independence, India has been committed to the task of promoting the spread of science. The strike role of technology as an important element of national development is also well recognized.The Scientific Policy Resolution of 1958 and the Technology Policy contention of 1983 enunciated the principles on which die growth of science and technology in India has been based over the past several decades. These policies have emphasized self-reliance, as also sustainable and equitable development. Successes in culture, health care, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, nuclear energy, astronomy and astrophysics, space technology and applications, defence research, biotechnology, electronics, information technology and oceanography are widely acknowledged.Major national achievements allow very significant increase in food production, eradication or control of several diseases and increased life expectancy of our citizens. While these developments have been exceedingly satisfying, one is also aware of die dramatic changes that have taken place, and continue to do so, in die practice of science, in technology development, and their relationships with, and partake on die society. Particularly striking is die rapidity with which science and technology is moving ahead.Science is becoming increasingly inter-and multi-disciplinary, and calls for multi-institutional and, in several cases, multi-country participation. Major experimental facilities, even in sev eral areas of basic research, require very large amount of materials, human and intellectual resources. Science and technology have become so closely intertwined, and so reinforce each other that, to be impelling, any policy needs to view them together.The continuing revolutions in die field of information and communication technology have had profound wedge on the manner and speed with which scientific information becomes available, and scientific interactions take place. Science and technology have had unprecedented impact on economic growth and accessible development. Knowledge has become a source of economic might and provide. This has led to increased restrictions on sharing of knowledge, to new norms of intellectual property rights, and to global trade and technology control regimes.Scientific and technological developments today also have deep ethical, legal and accessible implications. There are deep concerns in society about these. The ongoing globalization and the int ensely competitive environment have a significant impact on the production and service sectors. Because of all this, our science and technology system has to be infused with new vitality if it is to play a decisive and beneficial role hi advancing the well being of all sections of our society. The nation continues to be firm in its resolve to support science and technology in all its facets.It recognizes its central role in raising the quality of life of the people of the country, in particular of the disadvantaged sections of society, in creating wealth for all, in making India globally competitive, in utilizing natural resources in a sustainable manner, in protecting die environment, and ensuring national security. India has the third largest scientific and technical manpower in the world 162 universities exhibit 4,000 doctorates and 35,000 post-graduate degrees and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research runs 40 research laboratories that have made some significant ac hievements.In the field of missile ground technology, India is among the five top nations of the world. Science and Technology, however, is used as an effective instrument of growth and change. It is being brought into the mainstream of economic planning in the sectors of agriculture, industry and services. The countrys resources are used to derive the maximum production for the benefit of society and improvement in the quality of life. About 85 per cent of the funds for science and technology come directly or indirectly from the Government.The science and technology infrastructure in the country accounts for more than one per cent of the GNP. Science and technology in India is entering a new frontier. The rush objective of Indias nuclear energy programme is the development and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes such as power generation, applications in agriculture, medicine, industry, research and other areas. India is today recognized as one of the countries most advan ced in nuclear technology including production of source materials.The country is self-reliant and has mastered the expertise cover song the complete nuclear cycle-from exploration and mining to power generation and waste management. Accelerators and research and power reactors are now knowing and built originally. The school variable energy cyclotron at Kolkata and a medium energy heavy ion accelerator pelletron set up recently at Mumbai are national research facilities in the frontier areas of the science. As part of its programme for peaceful uses of atomic energy, India has also embarked on a program of nuclear power generation.Currently eight nuclear stations are producing 8 billion kilowatts of electricity. Four more nuclear power stations have been planned. The new nuclear reactors have been completely designed in India. The peaceful nuclear programme also includes producing radio-isotopes for use in agriculture, medicine, industry and research. The Indian piazza Researc h Organization (ISRO), under the Department of Space (DOS), is responsible for research, development and operation in space systems in the areas of major planet communications, away sensing for resource survey, environmental monitoring, meteoric services etc.DOS is also the nodal place for the Physical Research Laboratorywhich conducts research in the areas of space science, and the National Remote Sensing Agency which deploys modern remote sensing techniques for natural resource surveys and provides usable services to user agencies. India is the only third world country to develop its own remote sensing satellite. India joined a select group of six nations on October 15, 1994, when the glacial Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) successfully . accomplished its mission of placing the 800-kg remote sensing satellite, IRS-P2, in the intended orbit.The INSAT series of satellites launched earlier are performing well and provide vital services for telecommunications, television system , meteorology, disaster warning and distress detection. The latest INSAT series will include new features like Kit-band transponders and diligent satellite service, transponders. The remote-sensing satellites, launched in 1988 and 1991, have already become the mainstays of the natural resource management system of the country. The projected launch of advanced remote sensing satellite will not only enhance the scope of their application, but will also offer commercial service to other countries.The most significant milestone of the Indian Space Programme during the year 2005-06 was the successful launch of PSLV-C6. On May 5, 2006, the ninth flight of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C6) from Satish Dhawan Space centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota successfully placed two satellites-1560 kg CARTOSTAR-1 and 42 kg HAMSAT-into a predetermined polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO). The successful launch of INSAT-4A, the heaviest and most powerful Satellite built by India so far, on 22 Decemb er 2005 was the other major event of the year 2005-06. INSAT-4A is capable of providing Direct-To-Home (DTH) television broadcasting services.The Indian space programme entered a new era when ISROs Polar Satellite Launch vehicle (PSLV)-C7 successfully launched on January 10,2007 four satellites into high polar orbit from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota. The four satellites put into orbit were Indias CARTUSAT-2 and space Capsule Recovery Experiment. (SRE-1), Indonesias LAPAN-TUBSAT and Argentinas PEHUENSAT-1. The Indian achievement in the application of space-based remote sensing technology has led a US company to enter into an agreement for marketing the data from Indian satellites globally.Indias turn over in space technology has attracted worldwide attention and demand, with leasing agreements for marketing of IRS data and supply of space hardware and services. India also believes in co-operation in space with agencies all over the world. A upper-level UN team sel ected India for setting up a UN Centre for Space Science and Technology Education. India is on the threshold of achieving self-reliance in the launch capability. It will be a befitting tribute to the father of the Indian space program, Dr. Vikararn Sarabhai, whose 90th birth anniversary was observed in August 2006.India has been the forerunner among the developing countries in promoting multi-disciplinary activities in the field of biotechnology, recognizing the practically unlimited possibility of their applications in increasing agricultural and industrial production, and in improving human and animal life. The nucleus of research in this area is the National Biotechnology Board, constituted in 1982. A Department of Biotechnology was created in 1986. Recently, the Biotechnology Consortium India Limited was set up. It will play the role of catalyst in bridging the gap amid Research and Development, Industrial and Financial Institutions.Some of the new initiatives taken include dev eloping techniques for gene mapping, conservation of biodiversity and bio indicators research, special biotechnology programs for the benefit of die scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and activities in the area of plantation oops. The areas, which have been receiving attention, are cattle herd improvement through embryo transfer technology, in vitro propagation of disease resistant plant varieties for obtaining higher yields, and development of vaccines for various diseases.Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was established in 1942, and is today the premier institution for scientific and industrial research. It has a network of 40 laboratories, two co-operative industrial research institutions and more than 100 extension and field centres. The Councils research programs are directed towards effective utilization of the countrys natural resources and development of new processes and products for economic progress. It is now playing a leading role in the fulfillm ent of the technology missions evolved by the Government.Thus, we see that India has made unprecedented development in the field of scientific research and technology during the post-independence period and this just seems to be the beginning of a road with endless possibilities. All we need is to plan and organize in a way so as to be able to harness our intelligentsia in the right direction and provide it with the right opportunities. Science has been a major force in the development of the modern world. It has had a great impact on industry, commerce and the social life of nations. India is rightly proud of the high international standing of its scientific conjunction.The rapid growth in its heavy industrial sector is one testament to this achievement. Yet at a time when new advances are being made in near all fields of investigation and practical application, the fact remains that ninety percent of the country lies outside the influence of science, un touched(p) or barely touc hed by the rapid growth in knowledge and the new technologies that have evolved. This is a country where highly advanced industry lives a persistent side original agriculture, but separated by an immense generation gap a gap in education, prosperity and motivation.The reason for this is that science as it exists here today is not a natural development of nor integrated with the life of the nation. Rather it has been imposed as a superstructure on the social and economic life of the country and has failed to become a dynamic force for widespread social upliftment. Government planners have recognized this gap which divides the nation by a few centuries of progress and we are now seeing the first real attempts to bridge the distance. The problem of development is twofold.It is a task of awakening the sleeping potential of the country and educating it for effective action. It is also a task of adapting and molding the latest discoveries, technologies and life styles imported from the western world into a form and spirit in harmony with Indias social and cultural heritage. In the field of science this dual necessity can easily be seen. It is not enough that we create in the people an bet in modern technology or a willingness to adopt it.It is first essential that the scientific biotic community in India adapt itself to the needs of the country and the people. The gelid questions are how to involve scientists in evolving technologies relevant to the present needs of the people which means the rural communities and how to ensure the application of existing knowledge in the field of agriculture, industry and social life. In the developed countries which passed through the Industrial Revolution, science has come to occupy its present position through successive stages of natural social evolution.Among the conditions responsible for this development were the birth of democracy and political freedom, the spread of education, the rise of critical mental enquiry as a reaction to the dogmatism of Christianity and the vivacious expansion of human society through the opening of world wide commerce. Mind began to revolt against stagnation and religious fanaticism and to actively look for relationships between natural phenomena. Intuition was given scope for expression. This mental awakening took place in the context of an industrial revolution.That is, mental enquiry at once uttered itself through the observation of natural law and the application of this knowledge for devising instruments of social utility. Mind arrogantly proclaimed itself the ruler of man and nature. Pure science and applied technology grew side by side integrated with the society in which they rose through progressive stages of development. The industrial revolution absorbed the great mental energies unleashed by scientific enquiry. IMPORTED SCIENCE During the period of western industrialisation India was, historically speaking, in decline.Her population had learned to live o n a subsistence level. The support of religion, culture and spirituality preserved social contentment and traditional ways. Society lacked the impetus to grow and expand. Science as a social institution and organised way of life came to India only after independence. Here it did not arise naturally out of the existing social conditions but rather came as a decision by the national and politics leaders to imitate the developmental achievements of the West.It was not innate(p) of a ripened mental climate for productive thought nor from a condition of great commercial activity and expression. In other words, it was imposed as a superstructure on top of the nation without reference to the felt need of the people or the stage of its historical and sociological evolution. AGRICULTURE, CUM INDUSTRIAL CUM SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT Today the scientific community transcends national borders and social customs. It is truly international in outlook, exchange of knowledge, participation of membe rs.A scientist draws inspiration in being recognised by the higher echelons of the international community. To this finish the scientist has become insulated from the social airwave of the country in which he lives. This is especially true in India where science was never integrated with its social base. The problem face us is to propose ways and means to accomplish this social integration of scientific knowledge and the community of scientists in India.The development of science in a society occurs under certain social conditions and progresses through certain stages of development. Neither these conditions nor stages can be completely eliminated though they may vary in their lay down and duration. But it is possible to foster the conditions which will accelerate a natural progressive development. For science to be integrated with life, it means that scientific knowledge and technology must be applied in the context of daily life which in India centers around agriculture and to a lesser extent industry and commerce.In fact the tasks of promoting the agricultural and industrial development of the nation and the application of science to social life are essentially one. The proper atmosphere must be created for a natural development of science in conjunction with agriculture and industry. The linking of these three is the key to national development. VILLAGE BASED SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION When the scientific community turns its attention to advancing rural life, the conditions will be right for a socio-scientific revolution at the village level. Rural life in India means agriculture and agro-based industries.Already agriculture is being modernised through introduction of new hybrid crops, and the growing utilization of fertilizers and chemicals. Rural youth are becoming accustomed to the operation of machinery. More agricultural products are being converted into consumer goods through agro-based industries. But for the rural people to rise above the level of t he soil and develop mentally and scientifically, it is necessary to release the dynamism of the village population. The real lever of development is the releasing and channeling of the social energies of the people.This can be accomplished when a few individuals in every community are made to see and benefit materially from the application of scientific techniques in their daily life. Once a few have prospered in this manner, whole villages will follow suit. Space science Space activities in the country started during early 1960s with the scientific investigation of upper atmosphere and ionosphere over the magnetic equator that passes over Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram using small sounding rockets Realising the immense potential of space technology for national development, Dr.Vikram Sarabhai, the visionary leader fancy that this powerful technology could play a meaningful role in national development and solving the problems of common man. Thus, Indian Space programme born in the church beginning, space activities in the country, concentrated on achieving self reliance and developing capability to build and launch communication satellites for television broadcast, telecommunications and meteorological applications remote sensing satellites for management of natural resources.The objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. Accordingly, Indian Space Research brass section (ISRO) has successfully operationalised two major satellite systems namely Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources also, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching IRS type of satellites and Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for launching INSAT type of satellites.The Space Commission formulates the policies and oversees the implementation of the Indian space programme to promote the development and application of space s cience and technology for the socio-economic benefit of the country. DOS implements these programmes through, mainly Indian Space Research presidential term (ISRO), Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC) and Semi-Conductor Laboratory (SCL).The Antrix Corporation, established in 1992 as a government owned company, markets the space products and services Department of Atomic Energy The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) was set-up on August 3, 1954 under the direct charge of the bloom Minister through a Presidential Order. The vision of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is to empower India through technology, creation of more wealth and providing better quality of life to its citizen.This is to be achieved by making India energy independent, contributing to provision of sufficient, safe and nutritious food and better health care to our people through development and deployment of nuclear and beam technologies and their applications. DAE is engaged in the design, construction and operation of nuclear power/research reactors and the supporting nuclear fuel cycle technologies covering exploration, mining and processing of nuclear minerals, production of heavy water, nuclear fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing and nuclear waste management. It is also eveloping advanced technologies that contribute to the national prosperity. The by-product technologies, human resource developed and technical services being rendered by the Department have been greatly helping the Indian industry. The Department is also developing better crop varieties, techniques for control/eradication of insects thus protecting the crops, radiation based post harvest technologies, radiation based techniques for diagnosis and therapy of disease particularly cancer, technologies for safe drinking water, better environment and robust industry.Main Focus areas of work in DAE are Increasing share of nucl ear power through deployment of indigenous and other proven technologies, along with development of fast breeder reactors and thorium reactors with associated fuel cycle facilities. 1. Building and operation of research reactors for production of radioisotopes and carrying out radiation technology applications in the field of medicine, agriculture and industry. 2.Developing advanced technologies such as accelerators, lasers, supercomputers, advanced materials and instrumentation, and encouraging transfer of technology to industry. 3. Support to basic research in nuclear energy and related frontier areas of science, interaction with universities and academic institutions, support to research and development projects having a bearing in DAEs programmes and international co-operation in related advanced areas of research and 4. Contribution to national security.DAE has made the following significant contributions of DAE to the national initiatives 1. AGRICULTURE Enhanced production of oilseeds and pulses 2. EDUCATION, HEALTH i. Homi Bhabha National bring (HBNI) ii. National Initiative on Undergraduate Science (NIUS) iii. Countrywide Services in Cancer through Telemedicine 3. FOOD & NUTRITION SECURITYRadiation process of Food & Agro Products 4. WATER RESOURCESDesalination in water scarcity areas along the sea coast 5.ENERGY SECURITY Electricity supply in near and long term ensuring long term sustainable development. Solar Energy Research Initiative Department of Science and Technology (DST) is primarily mandated with promotion of R activities. Accordingly, DSTs initiative on Solar Energy is positioned upstream with thrust on enabling knowledge based R activities for entire gamut of solar technologies including balance of systems. This is judge to be achieved through nurturing of R groups, formation of consortia and setting up of State-of-art facilities.Solar Energy utilization for applications both for power as well as other than power generation with a view to provide convergent technology solutions under real-life conditions are being explored and assessed. DST in recent times has made foray in the area of solar energy through various parallel independent initiatives with distinct objectives. S Inputs for Policy Formulation Precompetitive Research & Technology Upgradation Basic Research and Disruptive Technologies International Cooperation Enabling R for Solar Technologies

Liberal Peace

Essay Topic The global r each(prenominal) of grownism testament inevitably lead to peace and security for all what argon the lawsuit for this line of business? Answer Liberalism is a theory of international relations with a batch point that human is born good and free. In this question exit require a discussion on the Democratic Peace Theory which was emphasised after the Cold fight and the fall of the Soviet Union. The main argument was that democratic states tend not to fight other democratic states. This theory has been associated largely with writings of Michael Doyle and Bruce Russet.Early authors like Immanuel Kant also foreshadowed the theory of peace between liberal democracies in his essay Perpetual Peace written in 1795. The thought process that Liberalism willing inevitably lead to peace and security was based on the cornerstone that Liberal democracies naturally seek for peace, the spirit of free commerce, the interdependence among states and the principle of Hu man rights. Liberalism by definition sees human beings as non- violent, born good and seek to develop ties and as such naturally they are not interested in waging state of wars. In Kants words, peace pile be perpetual. War is thence both unnatural and irrational.According to Doyle wars were take ind by militaristic and undemocratic government for their own interests. Paine also in his work The right of Man said the war carcass was contrived to preserve the power. War provides governments with the excuses to raise taxes and expand bureaucratic apparatus and increase their control over the citizens. However according Liberals Democracy will create a zone of peace. If we defined democracy as the government of the people for the people by the people then it will be impossible for citizens who nurse the burdens of war to elect a government who will take them to war (Doyle 1967 1151).Nations like France, Germ each, join Kingdom, Italy and Austria are less likely to fight any war a mong them since they have memories of the damages and massive destructions of the world war one and world war two. Democratic states have much respect for civil rights. If it is wrong for an exclusive within a state to commit a crime against another individual so does it applies to democratic nations. It is wrong for one democratic nation to take war against another democratic nation. This idea was also developed in Kants rgument about the league of peace or pacific federation (Foedus Pacificum) This idea of peace is based on all human beings which stand in an ethical relationship to one another. For Kants this league of does not seek any power of sort possessed by any nation, but only the maintenance and security of each nations own freedom . Doyle will former(a)r expand on this proposition that liberal states have a unique ability and willingness to establish peaceful relations among themselves. The second key speculation of liberalism on which peace and security can be achieve d is the practice of free muckle among nations.The mercantilist detail of history is linked to the rise of the modern nations in Europe. This period could be described as the time which nations were focused narrowly on gaining wealth and discouraging events. The mercantilist policies included restrictions on import and development of colonial empires. Mercantilist perspective was that of the Louis XIVs finance Minister, Jean Baptist Colbert who said trade is a source of finance and finance is the vital nerve of war According Carr the innovation of mercantilism was not to promote the welfare of the community and its members but to augment the power of the state.In process of promoting export mercantile nations setup barriers to discourage import and conflicts were often caused. However Kant said unhindered commerce between the people of the world unite them in a common and peaceful enterprise. Later view by Joseph Schumpeter also supports the claim of Kant. According to Schumpet er, capitalism produces an unwarlike disposition its populace is democratised individualised and rationalised therefore democratic capitalism leads to peace.Over the last 15 years regional trade agreements have become defining features of the modern economy and a powerful force for globalisation. As of July 2007 more than 380 regional trade agreements had been notified to the World pile Organisation (Crawford and Fiorentino). As the French philosopher Baron of Montesquieu said in 1748 peace is a natural effect of commerce (Humpherys 2004) increasingly many countries are realising that their interest may best be served by integration with like-minded countries that have similar economies.Regional trade integration can support peace. The believe that trade can foster peace among nations have been seen it real world practice when in December 2004 Israel and Egypt signed a trade protocol with the US designed to accelerate the rapprochement between the two countries. This deal allowed t he Egyptian to export freely the US. Another examples of this agreement which seeks promote peace through trade is the regional agreement signed by the Tunisian and the Morocco Governments with the EU this in order to curtail the rise and spread fundamentalism in these two countries.These examples merelyify the claim by the American radical democrat Paine when he announced that if commerce were permitted to act to the universal extent it is capable, it would extirpate the system of war. Closely linked to the idea of cede Trade and commerce as means of achieving peace and security among Liberal nations is the notion of interdependence and liberal institutionalism, no nation in the world can claim absolute independence or dependence. All nations are closely linked to each other and have become interdependent on each other.The evolution of communication, transportation, the invention of deadly weapons such as the nuclear bomb, the contagious nature of economy and the growing demograp hic pressure on the planets are just few of the factors that explain this interdependence. The formation of regional economic groups such as the European Union, the North American Free Trade Agreement in the Latin America, the ASEAN, in Asia and the African Union were inspired the belief that the likelihood of conflict between states would be reduced by creating a common interest in trade and economic collaboration.Liberal Institutionalism also agrees the interdependence of nations can create a zone of peace which Kant called the Pacific Federation of which is made of more than sixty countries. War according to Kant is less probable to occur between any two nations of this federation this does not mean that pacific nations do not go to war. In the nineteenth century countries like the United States and the Great Britain have continually had misunderstanding and wars but after the reformation of the British Parliament in 1832, Britain and the United States were able to negotiate thei r disputes without resorting to conflict.Britain and France who were rivals in colonial front were able to form an entente against the illiberal Germany before the World War I. President Woodrow Wilson will late proclaim the reigning peace in message of April 2, 1917 Our object now as then, is to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed people of the world such a concert of purpose and as will henceforth ensure the observance of those principles.

Informative Speech on Leukemia Essay

Hope, denial, anger, fear, and worry are words that come to mind when we think of the word disregardcer. pubic louse is a word we never want to hear. Im sure at some point in your life, every ane in here knows someone who has been bear on by cancer. On September 19th of this year, non even a month ago, I did one of the hardest things I was ever faced to do I be one of my best friends funeral. Kali suffered from Leukemia since the young age of 10 and fought her battle until the age of 24. This topic is so dear to my heart because it was not until after she passed away that I found out exactly what she suffered from. So today, I would like to inform you about Leukemias symptoms, treatments, and who can be affected by it. So, what exactly is Leukemia and what are some symptoms to be aware of? Leukemia is characterized by an increase of abnormal white cells in the blood and trick out marrow. In lamer terms, Cancer of the blood cells. If you have Leukemia, the first thing affected are your white blood cells that fight infections. If you have Leukemia, your white blood cell count becomes near non-existent making it extremely difficult to fight any infection. A simple cold would feel like pneumonia to a Leukemia patient. Kali told me that her immune system was cost to a 6 month old baby. In addition to your white blood cells, your red blood cells are also affected.Red blood cells sustain carry oxygen from your lungs throughout your entire body. If you lack red blood cells, you will most likely experience shortness of breath. This explains why at times Kali would speak very slowly in order to catch her breath. Lastly, your platelets are affected. Platelets help control bleeding and bruising on the body. When affected you are more likely to experience excessive bleeding and easily bruised. When the oncologist, a doctor that specializes in cancer, suspects that you have cancer he or she will read/write head your symptoms. Common symptoms include fever, palen ess of the skin, fatigue, discommode in the bone and joints, weight loss, discomfort in the abdomen, and night sweats. Furthermore, the oncologist will perform a bone marrow biopsy. If the patient is not put to sleep, this procedure can be extremely painful. They take a 12 inch needle, stick it into your hip, and extract the bone marrow. The bone marrow is then tested to determine if you have Leukemia and what type of treatment is best for you. This brings me to my next point. Medicinenet states in that respect are three major types of treatment Chemotherapy, steroid therapy, and stem cell transplant. With the stem cell transplant, doctors use high dosages of chemotherapy and basically remove your entire immune system and replace it with someone elses.This person can be a related or unrelated donor. If it is a related donor, this person is usually someone very close to the patient such as a parent, sibling, or close relative. Kali was given the stem cell transplant and had new blo od in her body. She informed me that her childhood vaccine shots were no longer in her bloodstream and she could not get them again because they could work against her in a negative way sort of putting her between a rock and a hard place. Like Kali, once a patients transplant is complete, they are given lots of medicine to help support the body and pain in hopes of preceding with a normal life. This brings me to my final point. Are you at risk? Can you be affected? According to the Leukemia and Lymphoma society, approximately every 3 minutes someone in the United States is diagnosed with a blood cancer and approximately every 10 minutes someone dies from a blood cancer. thither were an estimated 310,000 people living with or in remission from Leukemia in the United States. In this year alone, roughly 52,000 people were diagnosed and 24,000 are expected to die- 14,000 males and 10,000 females.While there is no known ways to prevent Leukemia, the National Cancer Institute states that developing Leukemia increases with several factors such as smoking cigarettes and air pollution. Why should this be important and relevant to you? According to the Washington Post, Louisiana has been given the name Cancer Alley because of the 150 petrochemical companies and 17 refineries that line the Mississippi River from New siege of Orleans to Baton Rouge releasing dangerous levels of toxins in the air we breathe in every day. We live in a state where cancer judge are to the roof. Leukemia is most frequent in Caucasian males than in any other population. Kali was an African American female. This lets me know, no one is susceptible. Im sure after listening to me, you are more knowledgeable about Leukemia, its symptoms, treatments, and risks. Although it may not affect you directly, I encourage each and every one of you to get regular check-ups, stay healthy, and give to those who are affected. Ill leave you with this quote by John F. Kennedy, When written in Chinese, the word cr isis is composed of both components, one represents danger, the other represents opportunity.

Racism in the African-American Community Essay

Abstract racialism is today perceived as a sociable and pro add upless monstrous that tries to undermine certain individuals found on their skin color. It is entirely evident that the U. S. still suffers from close to traces of racial discrimination, except surprisingly, a big volume of these cases set from the Afro-American communities. While many populate hold the opinion that the African-Americans atomic number 18 the ones that be eternally on the receiving block off, new polls reveal that they are the ones who show to a strikinger extent racist behavior than the gabardines. This authorship addresses close to of the moderatenesss that lead to racialism among the African-American communities and likewise outlines how this transition slowly came into place after the advent of the 20th century.Additionally, this paper c everywheres the consequences of this menace and its impact on the kind of peace that is lay out in todays free states. Ultimately, this text t ries to draw a line on the distinctive barrier among what African-Americans call racial discrimination and how Americans perceive the same social evil. It also explains why racism by itself is baseless and bears no meaning to the parties involved. racial discrimination 3 racialism in the African-American Community.Racism is a social evil that came as a result of thrall that began in the United States immediately after side colonists inhabited Virginia and re principal(prenominal)ed in that respect until the Thirteenth Amendment to the constitution of the U. S. was passed in 1865. During the 90s to a greater extent African-Americans underwent oppression from the Americans as the peak of racism was evident during these years more than ever. However, recent polls from Rasmussen reveal an entirely distinguishable perspective of the current racism situation in America. The report by Rasmussen indicated that many Americans believe that blacks are indeed more racist than Caucasians. Additionally, the report stated that a huge percent of African-Americans believe that more blacks are indeed racist than whites, and this is backed up by Norton (2011). This report, however, ended up creation skewered and mocked by some people as they saw it to be un align. This calls for a serious assessment into what is the main sire of this apparent movement into racism in the African-American community and how this leave impact peoples relationship. Also, it pushes for the postulate to better understand how racism itself managed to stay alive through the years despite the fact that such practices were long left behind in the recent years.Reasons for Racism Clearly, the deep trail of racism in African-Americans can be coined from the fact that blacks first faced oppression from the whites and this is what led to the ill-bred feeling among African-Americans. However, at that place are up to three more reasons why African-Americans are turning out to be more racist than Cauc asians. These happen to be the some flagrant and thus top the list when it comes to the factors that result into racism. RACISM 4 First, racism in the African-American community may merely be as a result of different stereotypes. The media is also responsible for fueling this kind of military position towards.African-Americans since it is through televisions, radios, and the internet that some people discover the underlying menace. Ornelas et al. (2009) maintain that whenever one-year-old African-Americans are receptive to certain stereotypes, they tend to simulate most of these traits and in turn become negative towards people from other races. In fact, most of these stereotypes are surprisingly among the influential African Americans in the country. During the 50th anniversary of Martin Luther King Juniors historical speech, black activists dis turn tailed exactly this kind of behavior.This was evident through Martin Luther King III who used this opportunity to extend to u p racial hatred instead of honoring the work of his father. Another reason for the prevalence of racism amongst the African-American community is the unfamiliarity that is present among newborns and how they are treated in the real world. This is probably the main reason why African-Americans are slowly displaying racist behavior (Okazaki, 2009). However, this doesnt evermore happen, but save after the innocent party has been brainwashed by negative stereotypes.A workaround for this is to ensure that children are exposed to people from different races at a young age so that they could get used to being around people who they deem different. This additionally helps in counterbalancing any negative and untrue stereotypes that may present themselves in the future. Selfishness, join with pain and anger, is also another valid reason why racism is on the rise among African-Americans (Lambert, 2009). Selfishness may fetch depicted itself among white people in the past, however, the ca se is different today.The sorry truth is that this selfishness led to the creation of negative stereotypes that ultimately led to a new line of different-minded persons (Martin, 2011). Also, selfishness comes in when an African-American would feel more RACISM 5 compelled to spend more time around people of the same skin color because they he/she may have been exposed merely to African-Americans during childhood age. Selfishness coupled with rage for the people who inflicted pain on their forefathers leads to hatred that is directed to white people.Why Racism among African-Americans leave Not End Soon Recently, renowned television icon Oprah Winfrey stepped up to state that racism forget only end when old racists perish (Newsbusters. org, 2014). While this sounds logical from one perspective, it fails to address the fact that these stereotypes will never cease to exist any time soon. In most cases, racists will always fertilize birth to racists and the cycle is perpetual. Theref ore, despite attempts to curb racism in the African-American community, this menace is still too far from being over as new racists will always come back to switch their mothers and fathers.It is also worth noting that this doesnt only happen among the African-Americans, but also among the whites as well. Another reason why racism among the African-Americans is far from being over is because they are seen to put so more speech pattern on themselves whenever the word racism is mentioned.During the same interview that was conducted by BBC Friday, Winfreys comment Are there places where people still get terrorized just because of the color of their black skin color? further showed how most people only view racism in the eyes of how blacks are treated. Looking at the conundrum this narrowly lists it more difficult to end the menace as the racism chain wont end if everyone simply defended their skin colors (Bonilla-Silva, 2010). In sum, it can be seen that racism in the African-A merican community can only be contained but certainly not dealt away with within a year. RACISM 6.How Racism Can Be Contained The fact that racism is not destination in the surface future doesnt necessarily mean that null can be done about it. It will certainly take years for the world to heal from this habit, but there are small but significant ways of ensuring that racism slowly fades away in the African-American communities. The first is by educating young African-Americans to reject any form of history of America that has elements of bondage in it (Shelby, 2009). By reminding the blacks about slavery may induce a feeling of resentment towards white people despite the fact that slavery ended decades ago.African Americans also bear the responsibility of desisting from using derisive words such as nigger or any variations associated to it (Cone, 2010). This is because when blacks utter these words, they also tend to inflict the same kind of attitude in people from other races. Additionally, African-Americans should cease supporting black-only institutions or media houses such as BET and ebon magazine. Generally, anything that depicts the word black should be avoided since it strikes a line amidst how different Caucasians are from African-Americans, something that is not true (Boykin, 2012).Finally, African-Americans should learn to appreciate the art of decent dressing and totally avoid the use of Ebonics, an African-American assume that is widely used among black individuals. While this may seem far-fetched, it is one step away from ending racism since it shows that withal African Americans are trying to fit in with the whites and simply not creating a larger barrier. Collaboration with law enforcement agencies will also be a huge step because this additionally shows that they too are concerned about the well-being of their neighbors and their security as well. RACISM 7 Consequences of Racism.Should African-American racism persist, there are a number of things that could happen. Hatred between African-Americans and whites would cause a drift between them, and this could easily spread to people from other races as well. The levels of cooperation would plummet and at the end of the day, nothing would get done (Pieterse, 2010). Other than stirred levels of cooperation, it is likely that some people might get displaced from their homes oddly when lands start being claimed by the original inhabitants of a place. Discrimination also leads to poor affable health.In 2009, a Cornwell News Study conducted a study on the effects of racism and results showed that poor mental health is possible and it comes as a result of chronic exposure to discrimination (Brondolo, 2009). Ultimately, there would be total havoc if racism were to have its way for there would be zero tolerance for somebody with a different skin color regardless of that persons character. Wars could easily erupt between black individuals and white individuals, and a drift w ill end up crippling collaboration between people and thus resulting to a sluggish economy. In summary, there is no place for racism today.It has proved to be a social evil that discriminates individuals based on their color rather than character. Racism, however is seen to come from three main factors which include unfamiliarity among people of different outlooks, selfishness among people of different colors who only wish for their people to benefit, and the presence of certain stereotypes that are transfixed to the racial practice. It is also mandatory to grant the fact that racism is not an evil that could possibly end overnight because certain individuals have inclined(p) it to a specific group of people and not everyone in general.As such, there will always be complaints regarding racist behavior since most individuals are readily RACISM 8 prepared to margin call out for their rights without considering that other people may be facing large challenges than them. One way of containing racism would be to ensure that the racist stereotype is dealt away with completely or segregated from children who could easily plume up the negative racist behavior from their elders. Additionally, African-Americans also have a big role to play in ending this discrimination since they seem to be creating a drift between black individuals and white individuals when they only support their brands such as the BET channel and the popular Ebony magazine.The consequences of racism in the African-American community are also grave as they can result to a much bigger drift between whites and blacks in which it would be easy for some people to be displaced from their homes and even be denied jobs. Possibilities of wars are also very high since there would be zero tolerance to a person who doesnt respect another person just because of their skin color. RACISM 9 Annotated Bibliography Bonilla-Silva, E. (2010). Racism Without Racists Color-blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United Statesnew Chapter on the Obama Phenomenon.Rowman & Littlefield. In this book, Bonilla-Silva, E outlines how racism can persist without the presence or racists themselves. It shows the reality of racism in todays world and explains the roots of racism and racial inequality in the United States with a lot of dialect on U. S. president Barrack Obama and the challenges that are faced at the presidential level. Boykin, K. (2012). ONE MORE RIVER TO amaze (BLACK AND GAY IN AMERICA). Boykin, K explains the different challenges that blacks have to face when seeking their true identity in the U.S. and what life agent for them in the U. S.The book goes further to explain how gay African-Americans find it challenging to fit in a world that already has more than enough hurdles to cross and enough reasons to make the weak quit. Brondolo, E. , ver Halen, N. B. , Pencille, M. , Beatty, D. , & Contrada, R. J. (2009). Coping with racism A selective review of the literature and a theoretical and methodological critique. Journal of behavioral medicine, 32(1), 64-88. This book gives an overview on the way that African Americans try to cope with the kind of racism that they are subjected to in the U.S.It greatly focuses on the impact of this kind of discrimination on the African Americans and what this means for them. Brondolo, E also highlights key out factors that cause this racism. Cone, J. H. (2010). A black theology of liberation. Orbis Books. Cones A black theology of liberation highlights the Christian-based perspective of oppressed blacks but mainly looks at the Cones own reflections on black theology. The book goes ahead to explain how racism can be ridded and it also looks at some of the roots of racism itself. Cone also relives the liberation process that led to the freedom of the blacks, but the book also highlights the hidden traces of racism that are still evident today. Lambert, S. F. , Herman, K. C. , Bynum, M. S. , & Ialongo, N. S. (20 09).Perceptions of racism and depressive symptoms in African American adolescents The role of perceived academic and social control. Journal of youth and adolescence, 38(4), 519-531. This book reviews some of the underlying factors that lead to depression in African American adolescents as a result of threatening subjection to discrimination from racism. The book also briefly touches on some of the causes of racism and explains how racism develops in young people and its impact as they become older. Martin, M. J. , McCarthy, B. , Conger, R. D. , Gibbons, F. X. , Simons, R. L. , Cutrona, C. E. , & Brody, G. H. (2011).The enduring significance of racism Discrimination and depravity among black American youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(3), 662-676. Martin, M. J. and other writers analyze the impacts of racism in the African American community and explains its significance in cultivating the kind of peace that is evident in todays time. His main focus, however, lies in th e discrimination of black American RACISM 10 youth by the whites and what this causes in the long run.He establishes how the negative stereotypes are formed as a result of the discrimination that the youths face. Newsbusters. org. (2014). Oprah racists have to die for racism to end newsbusters. org online Retrieved from http//newsbusters. org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2013/11/15/oprah-racists-have-die-racism-end Accessed 8 Feb 2014. This article outlines a transcript from an interview between Oprah Winfrey and BBC Friday regarding racism.In the article, Oprah is asked about her views on racism and various ways in which she thinks would put an end to the perpetual menace that has crippled our world today. The article also outlines an important factor that shows why racism wont end soon, and how the African Americans are fueling the perpetuating racism act. Norton, M. I. , & Sommers, S. R. (2011). Whites see racism as a zero-sum game that they are now losing. Perspectives on mental Scienc e, 6(3), 215-218. Norton, M. I. , & Sommers, S. R. reveal the truth behind what whites genuinely perceive as racism today and the effects of racism in a world that has go way ahead of racism.The two authors go further to explain why racism among the whites is baseless and bears no real truth or inner meaning other than the fact that it is a social evil that once existed in the past. Okazaki, S. (2009). Impact of racism on ethnic minority mental health. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(1), 103-107. Okazaki explains the effects of racism on the mental health of the minority in the state. He also outlines some of the other non-health related mishaps that come as a result of social oppression. In his book, he states what would finally happen if racism were to go on without showing any signs of ending soon.He however focuses on the effect this would have on the ethnic minority. Ornelas, I. J. , Amell, J. , Tran, A. N. , Royster, M. , Armstrong-Brown, J. , & Eng, E. (2009). Und erstanding African American mens perceptions of racism, antheral gender socialization, and social capital through photovoice. Qualitative health research, 19(4), 552-565. This book tries to understand African American mens perceptions of racism and the new trend of some African Americans feeling more racially discriminated than people of other races. It also highlights some of the reasons that lead to the prevalence of this notion among African Americans. Ornelas also explains why racism is a social evil that cannot be expelled overnight.Pieterse, A. L. , & Carter, R. T. (2010). The role of racial identity in perceived racism and psychological stress among Black American adults Exploring traditional and alternative approaches. Journal of Applied accessible Psychology, 40(5), 1028-1053. Pieterse, along with Carter seek to understand how racism is perceived by African American individuals aged over 21 years. Their book also strives to find the deeper meaning as to why racism is a bi gger matter than we thought of it.It also explains reasons why getting rid of racism would be a great feat. RACISM 11 Shelby, T. (2009). We who are dark The philosophical foundations of black solidarity. Harvard University Press. We who are dark tries to relive the African American history in an attempt to unite blacks. It emphasizes on the importance of dealing away with racism and living in unity as one big family. Shelbys book also highlights the key differences between the perceptions of both whites and blacks with regard to racism. It also shows us how history has helped in cultivating black solidarity.

An analysis of the influence of technology on contemporary interior architecture Essay

The analysis of the words is based on the crook of technology on intimate architecture education and of employers expectations in the in military position trope industry. This also addresses the issues faced by interior designers in todays world and how technology is hindering/fostering their creativity.Talking about the term on Technology Changing the Face of the Modern Fit out, it addresses a strong brain of how the interior design industry was never considered as a crucial part of the industry and was dealt with a stereotypeattitudethatinteriordesignersdealtonlywiththepartofdecorating the space until technology gained importance. Technology has now prone a 180-degree turn to the industry because of which the industry has finally started gaining the deserved recognition.The underlying point in the article is technology hindering or fostering the creativity in interior design, although is on kindred lines like the above mentioned article about the positive aspects of techno logy, it also talks about the pitfall side of technology on the industry.Their argument is supported with an example nurtured of a professor from a state university of how although he accepts that the technology has given the students, the most innovative platform to communicate their design ideas, somewhere down the lane, the students who be the prospective interior designers are lacking the basic creative skills and hand drafting techniques.Interior Designers Perceptions of the specify of Technology on Workplace Performance article gives us a different perspective of the make for of technology and how it caters to the interior designers. The statement is supported by examples cited by employees from the industry who have been interviewed of how 2D and 3D software have enabled the designers to get their work done in reduced time in compare to how it was in the past. It also talks about what the expectations of the employers from new-sprung(prenominal) hires are ,2which includ es being efficient in 2D and 3D software which will enable them to be proficient in expressing their design ideas.The new(prenominal) side of the coin is that it is hindering the employers in certain ways. This point is well supported by examples they cite of how in case if the computer crashes the students are unable to come up with a hand do drawing ready for a meeting. The over dependence on the computer has led to this state where the new graduates are finding it tough to inculcate sketching and hand drafting although their competent computer skills enable them to perfect(a) a design project in no time.The articles that we have looked at firmly state that the influence oftechnology has its pros and cons. The use of technology has catered to designers in various ways in terms of the time factor, design output etc. But the basic thing we have to understand is every opportunity has two sides. So technology is definitely fostering the designers but having said that it is better that we dont perform over dependent on itthat ithinders ourcreative and innovative skills of designing.3WorksCited(MelindaLyon2009)(Moore2011)(TAUTE2005)MelindaLyon,ShirettaOwnbey,MihyunKang.InternationalJournalofinstructionalTechnologyanddistancelearning.January2009.http//www.itdl.org/journal/jan_09/article07.htm(accessedAugust2013).Moore,Tim.DesignBuildSource.October05,2011.http//designbuildsource.com.au/technology-changing-modern-fitout (accessedAugust28,2013).TAUTE,MICHELLE.IIDA.2005.http//www.iida.org/content.cfm/compass-vs-computer(accessedAugust28,2013).