Lgbt Issues Are The New Black - 960 Words

Trans Within the past couple of years, LGBT issues have been showing up more in our daily lives than ever before. Taking a closer look at the T in LGBT, there have been stories and articles about transgender individuals and this has triggered a large variety of emotions and opinions from people all over the world. Someone who is transgender is an individual who identifies as a gender that does not match the gender that is assigned to him or her at birth. One of the biggest stories that brought transgender individuals into the mainstream spotlight was the announcement that Bruce Jenner, an Olympic gold metal winner, is trans gender. This was broadcast to millions of people as he told his story in an emotional interview with Diane Sawyer. Laverne Cox, a transgender woman, has had a predominant role in the Netflix series â€Å"Orange is the New Black† for the past 3 seasons and has also helped spread awareness about the trans community. With all of these stories being seen by mo re and more people, there have been some that haven’t been very accepting of the transgender community. Transphobia can lead to aggression towards trans individuals, causing abuse that may cause physical and emotional damage. Trans individuals are being policed by not only society, but also by institutions. Transphobia can be defined as the â€Å"unreasoning hostility, aversion, etc., toward transgender people.(1)† This hostility and aversion may come from many different sources that can have an effect onShow MoreRelatedThe Controversy Of The Black Lgbt Community Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pagesimagine a major piece of history, totally hidden in subliminal messages? The Black LGBT community has been forever present, just hidden in subliminal messages. They have been involved with major civil rights movements. They have been the backbone of the black church dating back to its origin. 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As LGBT movements have gained popularity in the fight for equal rights, LGBT culture has struggled to find a place in mainstream media. Within the community itself, there is an underrepresentation of LGBT individuals. In particular, transgender individuals are underrepresentedRead MoreAnalysis Of Pariah, Directed And Written By Dee Rees Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, and transgender. It is intended to highlight a diversity of sexuality and gender identity-based cultures. Historically, LGBT people have had to deal with being brutalised and misunderstood because of the misconception that being gay is different and deserves different treatment. However, there are efforts being made daily by the community in order to educate people and ease their fears. The purpose of the following analysis is to deconstruct

Pharmacology Free Essays

Examination Questions: Sedative and Hypnotics, and Antiepilepsy agents 1. What is the chemical name of GABA? a. The amino acid derivative, ? -aminobutyrate, also called 4-aminobutyrate, (GABA) is a well-known inhibitor of presynaptic transmission in the CNS. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmacology or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Explain: the structure of GABAA receptor complex and location of Benzodiazepine’s and barbiturate’s binding sites on GABAA receptors. a. The GABAA receptor complex have chloride channels associated with in the receptor (influx of Cl cause hyperpolarization causing CNS depression) b. In this isoform, the two binding sites for GABA are located between adjacent ? and ? 2 subunits, and the binding pocket for benzodiazepines (the BZ site of the GABAA receptor) is between an ? 1 and the ? 2 subunit. i.? 1 subunits in GABAA receptors mediate sedation, amnesia, and ataxic effects of benzodiazepine 3. Describe the difference in the action of barbiturates at lower and higher dose on GABAA receptors a. BZ increase synaptic inhibition of GABA b. They enhance GABAergic effects without directly activating GABAA receptor by opening of chloride channels but by increasing frequency of chloride opening events and enhancing chloride ion conductance. . Barbiturates increase the duratio n of the GABA-gated chloride channel openings d. At high concentrations, the barbiturates may also be GABA-mimetic, directly activating chloride channels. e. Barbiturates are less selective in their actions than benzodiazepines, because they also depress the actions of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamic acid via binding to the AMPA receptor (can cause full surgical anesthesia and pronounced central depressant effects – low margin of safety). f. If GABA is not present, benzodiazepines cannot produce their effects (they can increase the frequency but cannot initiate; only GABA opens the channels). 4. Name GABAA and GABAB receptor agonist a. GABAA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord, hypothalamus, hippocampus, substantia nigra, cerebellar cortex and cerebral cortex b. GABAA containing ? 1 subunit agonist: zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone 5. Describe how Clorazepate produces its effect following oral administration a. Diazepam and the active metabolite of clorazepate is more rapidly absorbed than other commonly used benzodiazepines. b. Clorazepate, a prodrug, is converted to its active form, desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), by acid hydrolysis in the stomach. 6. Explain why benzodiazepines cross biological membranes freely and distribute rapidly in various organ systems including brain and placenta. a. Most of hypnotics and sedatives are lipid soluble and thus have rapid onset of central nervous system effects. b. All sedative-hypnotics cross the placental barrier during pregnancy (NOT TO BE USED DURING PREGNANCY). 7. Explain the mechanism of action of Flumazenil a. Competitive antagonists with high affinity for the BZ binding site b. It blocks many of the actions of benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone c. Flumazenil is approved for use in reversing the central nervous system depressant effects of benzodiazepine overdose and to hasten recovery in anesthetic and diagnostic procedures. 8. Name short-acting benzodiazepines a. Short-acting agents (t1/2 How to cite Pharmacology, Essay examples

Graphic Design Essay Example For Students

Graphic Design Essay A career in graphic design is perfect for a creative individual who has a sense of design. A graphic designer is one who creates ideas that are expressed in words and/or pictures, and generally solves problems of visual communication, says Paul Rand, a professional designer 23. Employment in this profession is projected to increase 29% by the year 2006, which is the highest of any career according to a study done by the American Institute of the Graphic Arts 3. A graphic designer may work in a variety of places including a large firm or corporation, a specific design agency, a magazine or newspaper, or even in his own home as a freelance designer. There are few specific requirements needed to be involved in graphic design. However, there are similar traits and qualities that most designers generally possess, including training, knowledge of specific elements, using criticism positively, and a keen eye for color and balance. The cost of being a graphic designer must also be factored in. Graphic design is a career that offers a creative outlet but can be quite stressful, which is why designers must be cooperative and work well with others. A dexterous designer knows how to use criticism positively. Oftentimes criticism is what makes a piece of art better. Depending on the project, job duties may include designing and preparing layouts, sketching out ideas, arranging the materials needed, or putting together the final image. Since there may be different requirements for each client, a graphic designer on average should have the ability to be spontaneous and creative and work well under pressure and stressful in situations. DO NOT be a designer if you stress out easily! says Steve Jones interview. In many cases a designer has deadlines which may not be negotiated with his clients, and therefore he must work productively. There is also the downside of creating an image that is not accepted by the client; the designer must then discuss what is wrong with it and perhaps start over. Any job becomes creative when the doer cares about doing it right, or doing it better. Borenstein Certain clients leave the project completely open-ended and up to the designer, while others have a specific idea in mind. It is important for the designer to remember that he is creating a piece of work for someone elses liking, and it may not be exactly what he would do on his own time. Most clients, however, choose their designers by looking at their portfolios or recognizing other pieces they have created. A client usually hires someone with a style he prefers. Other qualities that a designer must have include the ability to make original designs, knowledge of composition, and attention to detail. Social skills play a major role in the profession. While creating a design may be done independently, the final piece is usually presented by the designer to someone else. It is not likely that advanced math will be used, but basic skills such as adding and subtracting quickly and accurately are necessary. There is also not a lot of physical activity essential to the artist. At the end of a project, your brain will feel like it just ran a marathon. Anderson The amount of time it takes to create a piece of graphic art depends on the individual. If he is given a deadline, for instance, the designer will use his time wisely and efficiently to finish the project. A designer often works from his home, which allows them to choose their own hours. An experienced artist is aware of their personal style of creating and finishing a project. Some work well in an office setting, while others work more efficiently at night when it is quiet. Due to the variations in styles and individuals, a graphic designer generally spends around 25-50 hours a week working on projects. Preparing to be a professional graphic designer can vary depending on how much experience is desired by the individual. On average, the minimum amount of education is between two and four years of training in either fine art or design. .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 , .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .postImageUrl , .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 , .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613:hover , .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613:visited , .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613:active { border:0!important; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613:active , .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613 .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5987ae2270dd34760cfc7943430a5613:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Graphical image EssayMany choose to attend a general university to start with and often transfer to a specific art or design school. High school students are not expected to take classes specifically in graphic design, but advanced art classes will help them in the future. A basic four-year high school curriculum English, math, science, and history is all that is expected to have been taken by a high school student; however, college preparatory classes are beneficial. Since the demand for designers is quickly increasing, finding a job after advanced training is quite simple. Employers will look for those with a strong background, experience, and a large portfolio. A designer may have a natural ability to create an extraordinary piece of design; in this case a lot of training is not necessary. For this reason, students who wish to find work as soon as possible should look into attending an art school after they graduate from high school. Graphic design requires one to have knowledge and experience in working with images and type. Typography is the term used to describe the use of words and type to convey a message Perfect. One who has an intelligent sense of design is familiar with how to incorporate color with type and image to create an emphasis where needed. It is important to be able to catch on to things quickly. A strong vocabulary will be to the designers advantage, because oftentimes words are used as the main focus; any misspellings would not be the clients fault. When looking at advertisements in magazines, for example, the ones that catch the eye have a good balance of image and type; there is not too much of one or the other. Computers are quickly becoming the most popular tool for combining image and type. The materials needed in graphic design can be quite expensive, but the final product will be worth it. As any artist knows, the cost of supplies adds up fast. The images can either be taken from a photograph, a sketch, a painting, or any other type of art. There is also the need for access to a computer, scanner, and printer. Computer programs that are specifically designed for the graphic arts can be quite costly, such as Photoshop about $600. In order to produce a nice piece of work, these materials are necessary. Other computer programs include Quark, Adobe Illustrator, and Corel Draw. In order to be a leading designer in the future, individuals in the profession must have the ability to come up with original and unique ideas. One who enjoys preparing layouts for school projects or arranging art into a final composition would excel in the graphic design field. Not anyone can be a graphic designer; only those who accept responsibility and have a natural ability in design will enjoy this career. Modern-day designers will be the leaders of the next millennium and will produce the designs that will be seen for years to come. The opportunities as a graphic artist are endless.

Porters 5 Forces of Ryanair free essay sample

Forces Before the idea of Ryanair or indeed any low cost carrier was even devised the European airways industry was, as already illustrated, highly regulated. Therefore post 1992 and deregulation, great changes came about. By identifying with Porter’s â€Å"five forces,† one is able to ascertain what this meant for Ryanair within the European air transport market. These five factors are threat of entry, competitive rivalry, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and the threat of substitutes. Threat of entry analyses the threat that new entrants may enter the industry and diminish the returns of established companies. In the case of Ryanair a strong brand identity built up over the period since deregulation has meant that any potential new entrants would have to outlay quite an amount of money in terms of sunk costs in advertising to compete on a level playing field. Allied with this, direct bookings on the Ryanair website has meant that there have been savings in the region of 42. We will write a custom essay sample on Porters 5 Forces of Ryanair or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6% in marketing and distribution costs. Competitive Rivalry The cost of increased competition can be quite high with customers benefiting from price wars between rival airlines. This is why Ryanair has an advantage over other airlines because their policy of bundling low frills and low prices together means that they are competing for the more price sensitive customer. Demand for short haul flights around Europe is ever expanding. It is however vital that Ryanair were among the first movers because many ‘copycat’ airlines have tried to follow suit. Davy (2003) believes that there are only two pan-European low cost operators where first mover advantage and scale and cost efficiencies gave the two largest players, Ryanair and Easyjet, a significant advantage. In fact, since deregulation, of the 80 low cost operators that had begun operations, 60 had gone bankrupt (Lee, 2000). Michael O’Leary is so confident that this particular aspect of Porter’s 5 forces is almost inconsequential for Ryanair that he has said â€Å"at the lower end of the market Easyjet and Go don’t really compete with Ryanair. Having said this, the threat of competitive rivalry is important for the industry because fierce competition can lead to a decline in sales. Bargaining Power of Suppliers At a very basic level the airline industry suppliers are limited in two areas: actual purchase of planes and the supply of fuel. Ryanair has a very healthy relationship with the main aeroplane supplier, Boeing. With the downturn in the economy airlin es were putting their purchasing on hold. Not Ryanair however, as O’Leary saw this as the perfect opportunity to buy. In addition to the 2002 contract with Boeing where they will supply up to 150 737-800 type aircraft for Ryanair, they are also required to provide various ancillary goods and services to Ryanair. These include technical support and training, spare parts support, training of the flight crews, software and field services engineering. On writing this essay, it was made public that Ryanair has ordered an additional 100 new Boeing 737-800’s to facilitate Ryanair’s rapid European growth plans. On the same day as this news was made public, Ryanair opened up four new destinations in Europe, bought the airline Buzz and had thousands of seats on sale for 1 Euro. Ryanair also has also increased its option orders by 78 to 125. This will, over the next eight years, give Ryanair a fleet of 250 Boeing 737-800’s, making it the youngest carrier in Europe and the second largest worldwide behind Southwest in the U. S. In terms of the fuel price there is very little that Ryanair can do, because the price of fuel is governed by world trade and the Middle Eastern countries have market dominance. Bargaining Power of Buyers There are many determinants to the power possessed by buyers in the airline industry. These include the standardization of the product, elasticity of demand, brand identity and the quality of the service. In this respect buyer power in the European airline industry in quite strong because switching costs are very small. For low cost carriers, the switching costs may be found by simply clicking on a rival’s website. The fact that most low cost carriers sell their seat via the internet means that any price discrepancies can be found very easily. This means that Ryanair have to keep their prices competitive in relation to the industry level. The Threat of Substitutes The threat of substitutes to the airline industry comes in three main forms. These are road, rail and to a lesser extent the boat service. Of these, rail would seem to offer the greatest threat because, certainly around Europe, it offers an excellent continental service around the major cities that Ryanair fly to. Rail travel has several advantages over air in terms of the fact that they can be more localised and more accessible but one must endure a longer journey also. Ryanair can offer a faster journey at prices that can often be far cheaper. As an example, a return ticket from Frankfurt to Amsterdam costs between 121. 20 Euros and 175. 60 Euros. This compares with Ryanair’s average fare of less than 50 Euros (Davy, 2003). In fact, there is even the perception that there is much greater penetration of fast trains in the EU than in the like of the US, and that this is a limiting factor on demand. However, trains in continental Europe are very expensive, which is reflected in the fact that Europeans think nothing of driving from one country to another to make a saving. Car travel offers similar advantages to that of the railways but Ryanair will always be able to boast shorter journey with less hassles. Another, less obvious threat comes in the form of global communications. As technology develops there may be less of a need to actually meet with people as business meetings could take place via video conferencing. Although, relatively speaking, this is not very prevalent at the moment, there may be less of a need to physically meet up with associates in the future.

Emile Berliner and the History of the Gramophone

Emile Berliner and the History of the Gramophone Early attempts to design a consumer sound or music playing gadget began in 1877. That year,  Thomas Edison invented his tin-foil phonograph, which played recorded sounds from round cylinders. Unfortunately, the sound quality on the phonograph was bad and each recording only lasted for only one play. Edisons phonograph was followed by Alexander Graham Bells graphophone. The graphophone used wax cylinders, which could be played many times. However, each cylinder had to be recorded separately, making the mass reproduction of the same music or sounds impossible with the graphophone. The Gramophone andRecords On November 8, 1887, Emile Berliner, a German immigrant working in Washington D.C., patented a successful system for sound recording. Berliner was the first inventor to stop recording on cylinders and start recording on flat disks or records. The first records were made of glass. They were then made using  zinc and eventually plastic. A spiral groove with sound information was etched into the flat record. To play sounds and music, the record was rotated on the gramophone. The arm of the gramophone held a needle that read the grooves in the record by vibration and transmitted the information to the gramophone speaker. Berliners disks (records) were the first sound recordings that could be mass-produced by creating master recordings from which molds were made. From each mold, hundreds of disks were pressed. The Gramophone Company Berliner founded The Gramophone Company to mass manufacture his sound disks (records) as well as the gramophone that played them. To help promote his gramophone system, Berliner did a couple of things. First, he persuaded popular artists to record their music using his system. Two famous artists who signed early on with Berliners company were Enrico Caruso and Dame Nellie Melba. The second smart marketing move Berliner made came in 1908 when he used Francis Barrauds painting of His Masters Voice  as his companys official trademark. Berliner later sold the licensing rights to his patent for the gramophone and method of making records to the Victor Talking Machine Company (RCA), which later made the gramophone a successful product in the United States. Meanwhile, Berliner continued doing business in other countries. He founded the Berliner Gram-o-phone Company in Canada, the Deutsche Grammophon in Germany and the U.K based Gramophone Co., Ltd. Berliners legacy also lives on in his trademark, which depicts  a picture of a dog listening to his masters voice being played from a gramophone. The dogs name was Nipper. The Automatic Gramophone Berliner worked on improving the playback machine with Elridge Johnson. Johnson patented a spring motor for the Berliner gramophone. The motor made the turntable revolve at an even speed and eliminated the need for hand cranking of the gramophone. The trademark  His Masters Voice was passed on to Johnson by Emile Berliner. Johnson began to print it on his Victor record catalogs and then on the paper labels of the disks. Soon, His Masters Voice became one of the best-known trademarks in the world and is still in use today. Work on the Telephone and the Microphone In 1876, Berliner invented a microphone used as a telephone speech transmitter. At the U.S. Centennial Exposition, Berliner saw a Bell Company telephone demonstrated and was inspired to find ways to improve the newly invented telephone. The Bell Telephone Company was impressed with what the inventor came up with and bought Berliners microphone patent for $50,000. Some of Berliners other inventions include a radial  aircraft  engine,  a helicopter, and acoustical tiles.

Change Management Essay Example for Free (#2)

Change Management Essay Essay Topic: Management , Development Many flaws can be found with the classical approach, the birth of which is widely accredited to Fredrick Taylor, in particular how employees became bitter and angry with the levels of â€Å"managerial thuggery† (Rose 1988) that Taylor promoted. There already existed high levels of worker-management conflict, and Taylors approach merely heightened the tensions that it had set out to tackle. Taylors view, and later, Henri Fayol’s view of how an organisation could be managed solely focused on the productivity of the worker and how efficiently work could be carried out. It did not take into account the morale of employees or any of their emotional needs, resulting in a workforce which became increasingly dissatisfied with their working environment. Mayo and Maslow developed an approach which was more emphasized on the management of worker morale and leadership rather than merely viewing employees as â€Å"greedy robots† (Rose 1988). This theory, which would evolve into what is known as the Human Relations approach to management, was focused on the thought that a happy and satisfied employee was a more productive employee. The classical approach to organisational management (1900-1930) emerged from the Industrial Revolution and was born out of a necessity to replace the â€Å"trial and error† approach, which was prevalent prior to this, with a more  focused and consistent approach to how an organisation should be managed. This new approach was focused on the efficiency of an organisation and in improving the performance and output of its employees. The classical approach can be divided into three main areas, scientific management, bureaucracy and administrative management. . (_Managing Change. Bernard Burnes)_ Fredrick Taylor (1856-1917) viewed the management of organisations production efficiency as a science and he is accredited with being the father of scientific management. Taylors view was that there was â€Å"one best way† to perform a task and his approach focused on breaking down each task so that it could be performed in the most efficient way. His research was heavily influenced by the studies of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth(1914). While Taylor was determined to reduce the time it took to complete a task, the Gilbreths tried to reduce the number of motions taken to complete a task. Taylor’s opinion was that â€Å"_human beings are predisposed to seek the maximum reward for the minimum effort†_ _(Taylor 1911)_ and to counteract this, managers must closely supervise workers to ensure that each predefined step in a task is carried out correctly. By breaking down each work process into smaller tasks controlled by the management, the knowledge required by workers about the work process is reduced. Workers become mere â€Å"cogs† in the machine that is the organisation, and can easily be replaced, as minimum training of a replacement worker is required. This in turn increases the managements control as the workers no longer have a monopoly of knowledge about the work process and cannot use their knowledge as a bargaining tool. Taylor, like the Gilbreths, believed that in order to increase a workers’ productivity, he should be motivated by monetary rewards for the amount of work he carries out. â€Å"_When a naturally energetic man works for a few days beside a lazy one, the logic of the situation is unanswerable ‘Why should I work hard when that lazy fellow gets the same pay that I do and does only half as much work?’ â€Å"(Taylor 1911)_ While Taylor and the Gilbreths were focused on improving the productivity of  individual workers at task level, Henri Fayol (1841-1925) with the administrative approach, was focused on efficiency at organisational level, top down as opposed to bottom up(Fayol, 1949). Fayols principles of organisation are; division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command ,unity of direction, subordination of individual interest to general interests, remuneration, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure of personnel, initiative, and esprit de corps.(Mullins,1989:201-3). Max Weber (1864-1924) developed the theory of bureaucratic management which, similarly to Fayols approach, was focused on the overall structure of an organisation. According to Weber a bureaucracy must have a number of distinct characteristics. It must have a hierarchical chain of command, where each employer is answerable to a superior, therefore power flows from the top down. Division of labour, where each task is broken down into smaller tasks, with different employees working on each separate part of the task. Each employee is selected on merit and qualification only with no bias shown to favourites. Formalised and detailed rules and regulations must be set out. The beginnings of the Human Relations approach can be traced back to studies on worker fatigue which were carried out while the scientific approach was still being established, and it is fair to say that both approaches overlap. Elton Mayo (1880-1949) expanded on these studies in the 1930’s, most notably with his Hawthorn experiments. (_Managing Change. Bernard Burnes)_ Mayo did not believe that workers were only concerned by monetary rewards, but instead suggested that by having their social needs met at work they would in turn be more motivated and their performance would improve. In his experiments he divided workers into groups and studied how their productivity responded to changes in the environment such as lighting and working conditions. To his surprise the worsening working conditions did not lead to worker productivity declining, in fact productivity increased. This  led him to conclude that workers motivation was increased by better communication, as the workers were consulted with prior to, and throughout the experiments. It was also concluded that workers performed better when they were in a team, and when they were receiving greater attention from their managers. (_http://tutor2u.net/business/gcse/people_motivation_theories.htm_ ) Abraham Maslow (1908 – 1970) developed a management theory which is referred to as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, as shown below. (image. http://chebri.com/commitment-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-and-herzberg-theory-of-hygiene-motivation-in-business/) Maslow believed that in order for a person to concentrate on the higher needs, first his lower, more basic needs must to be satisfied. He argued that once a person’s lowest level physiological and safety needs are met; the higher level needs become more important to them. For example in a management situation the physiological needs of an employee are things like adequate lunch breaks and sufficient wages. The safety needs are met when a safe working environment is provided. Social needs are satisfied when there is a sense of community in the working environment. The esteem needs of employees are the needs for recognition from superiors for work carried out and achievements. Self Actualisation is the need of an employee to reach their full potential, this need changes, as different levels of potential are met the employee then needs to attain a higher level. .(_http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/maslow/_ _)_ Douglas McGregor (1906-1964) stated that there are basically two types of manager, one who had a negative view of his employees and the other who had a more positive view. In his concept he called the negative view Theory X, and the positive one Theory Y. Theory X assumes that employees do not like work, and a threat of punishment is required to ensure that they perform to required standards. It is also of the assumption that workers do not have  any ambition and will avoid responsibility; they are primarily interested in security. Theory X could be used to describe the Classical approaches to management. Theory Y managers on the other hand take the human relations approach and assume that work is natural to people and can be a source of satisfaction to them. Theory Y managers believe that workers will seek responsibility and are motivated to meet goals. McGregor believed that managers who adapted the Theory X approach created an environment where workers were only motivated by financial or material gain, whereas Theory Y managers created a workplace where employees were more responsible and more willing to contribute. McGregor came to the conclusion that organisations needed to adapt the approach set out in Theory Y, which is essentially the human relations approach_._ For the purpose of this essay extensive research was carried out on the approaches that modern industries take regarding management. Information gathered from an interview with an employee of ESB Ireland, an electricity supplier which is one of the largest employers in Ireland, gave a unique insight into how this particular organisation continues to put into effect many facets of the human relations approach. Eoghan, who is employed as an electrical engineer, provided documentation and described how at the beginning of each year all employees have a one to one meeting with their manager to discuss and agree upon goals which they then attempt to achieve throughout the year. The employee is provided with guidance from their manager regarding the work processes on a continuous basis. The diagram shown below, which is taken from the ESB’s performance and development document, illustrates how formal and informal communication between manager and employee is seen as essential and is maintained throughout the year. _(Performance and Development Document ESB 2014)_ Coaching is also provided on a one to one basis with employees when it is  required. _†Coaching is a proven means, carried out in a confidential manner, by which more individual potential can be unlocked to achieve higher levels of career and business performance†_ _(ESB Performance and Development Document 2014)_ Through researching a case study carried out on building materials group CRH, similar approaches to performance management were identified. The CRH approach to performance management is broken down into three areas which are almost identical to those taken at ESB, these are; planning, coaching and reviewing. As is the case at ESB the work processes are carefully structured and discussed with the employee in the planning stage. Coaching is also carried out for each employee’s specific needs which in turn increases knowledge and improves communication. In the review stage each employee is assessed individually and given the opportunity to respond to feedback. _†Self-assessment, collection of information, appraisal and a review meeting all drive performance improvement†_ _(http://www.business2000.ie/pdf/pdf_10/crh_10th_ed.pdf)_ CRH are of the view that it is essential that employees are capable of working on their own initiative or as part of a team, as they state in their candidate requirements that candidates must have; _†Ability to work on own initiative and as part of a team_ _Ability to analyse situations and develop innovative solutions_ _(http://www.business2000.ie/pdf/pdf_4/crh_4th_ed.pdf)_ It’s understood that the most important asset of any organisation is its employees, and trying to retain the services of these employees. The classical approach to management does not take this into account and instead is solely concerned with increasing productivity and extracting the maximum labour from its workers. It can be argued that the classical approach increases productivity and raises the output of each employee; however, in the long run it does not lead to a satisfied and contented workforce. This approach is dated when it comes to the fast paced business environment that exists today. In most modern workplaces it is essential that workers are capable of working on their own initiative and making important decisions themselves, the classical approach to management does nothing to promote or nurture these skills, and in fact it discourages them. The classical school of thought is that there is â€Å"one best way† for all organisations to be structured and operate _(Burnes. 2004)_, however, as established through this research, the approach that ESB takes disproves this theory, as each employee is treated as an individual and encouraged to provide opinion on how the work process should be structured and best performed. The meetings and one to one contact with managers gives the employee a clear understanding of what is expected of him and improves communication between the employee and management, which is one of the core aspects of the Human Relations Approach. These initial meetings as well as the guidance which is provided throughout year to the employee by ESB management is clearly influenced by Mayo’s conclusions following the Hawthorn experiments that employee morale and performance increased with better communication and prior consultation to the work process. _(Burnes. 2004)._ The coaching sessions which are provided at ESB help to improve skills and self-confidence in employees as well as providing management with the assurance that their workers are competent and performing to a high  standard. This type of approach to coaching and continuous improvement and learning is in direct contrast to the ideals of the Classical Approach, and particularly to Fredrick Taylors. Taylor believed in reducing employee’s knowledge about the work process rather than encouraging learning and understanding. By reducing the workers knowledge he believed that management had a greater control over their employee’s (_Burnes. Managing Change)._ The view taken by ESB is completely different, as they believe that the more skilled and confident that an employee becomes, the greater an asset to the organisation he will be. By providing training and coaching to employees ESB are investing in human capital, which means the more skilled an employee becomes the greater his economic value is to ESB_._ _(http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/humancapital.asp)_ There is a quote from CRH that appears in the case study which was researched which proves that their organisation embodies almost every aspect of the Human Relations approach; _†The challenge for CRH is to be a Group that attracts and retains people_ _not just because it is an industry leader but also because it provides a_ _culture and working environment which creates opportunities for all_ _employees to grow personally and professionally.†_ _(http://www.business2000.ie/pdf/pdf_4/crh_4th_ed.pdf)_ Tesco.http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/tesco/developing-appropriate-leadership-styles/leadership-styles.html#axzz3JGcBkQ5Y http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol14-issue6/A01460105.pdf?id=7380 http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/frederick-taylor-theories-principles-contributions-to-management.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1911taylor.asp http://tutor2u.net/business/gcse/people_motivation_theories.htm http://chebri.com/commitment-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-and-herzberg-theory-of-hygiene-motivation-in-business/ http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/maslow/ _http://www.business2000.ie/pdf/pdf_4/crh_4th_ed.pdf_ Change Management. (2016, Aug 06). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Terrorism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terrorism - Case Study Example Some of the founding members included Leroy Schweitzer, who was the head of the group, Skurdal and Daniel Petersen, and had been inspired by a former group called Posse Comitatus. Members of this group defaulted taxes and resisted the Internal Revenue Service, which auctioned most of their property to recover the taxes. However, the public feared the group and some property marked for auction remained unsold for several years (Combs, Cindy and Martin, pp. 186). The group created complicated schemes which involved filing liens worth millions of dollars against property owned by the federal or local government in Montana. This was a strategy to raise money to sustain their movement. The movement set up its own common law court and a government in Montana. The government issued arrest warrants for the members, but most of them remained in their farms, and the authorities could not arrest them. The most radical members regrouped at Clark ranch in Jordan from where they ran the movement. In 1996, the Freemen wanted to set up a radio antenna to facilitate their communication. The contracted installer was an undercover FBI agent, who lured Schweitzer and Peterson from their houses to the installation site. On reaching the site, the two Freemen were arrested by federal agents who were waiting for them. Most of the other members were arrested later and sentenced on account of several crimes. The Kurdistan Workers’ party or the PKK was founded in 1974 by Abdullah Ocalan and was initially known as the Kongra-Gel. The group, mainly composed of Turkish Kurds, began armed violence in 1984 as part of its campaign. The main objective of this movement was to establish an independent Kurdish state and government in Turkey, Northern Iraq, parts of Syria and Iran. The groups’ founder members adopted the Marxist theory as part of their liberation campaign. PKK collaborated with other militants in this region to conduct attacks against the Turkish government alongside other extremist sympathizers. The group operates in several countries and runs several training camps in Syria, Turkey, and Iraq. Their campaign involves spreading propaganda against the government, explosives and violence, sabotaging government activities, and spreading their anti-government ideologies (Balci, pp. 172). The group has been involved in several bomb attacks in Turkey, drug trafficking and kidnappings. The founder Abdullah Ocalan was arrested in 1999 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Several European countries such as France and Germany sympathize with PKK and have allowed them to open offices in their countries and offered its members support and training. The Turkish government condemns the group by referring to it as a threat to national security. Other sister organizations such as PJAK have come up and are involved in terror activities within Turkey and Iraq. PKK fighters operate from the Qandil Mountains in Iraq in a bid to limit government attacks. The Turkish government has offered the movement an opportunity to negotiate for peace, which has not been fruitful. The U.S government has been accused of giving Iraq PKK members a safe haven for the operations since the fall of Saddam Hussein (Mannes, pp. 179). The Al-Qaeda is an Islamic terror group that was founded by Osama Bin Laden in 1988. The group was founded to free Islamic countries from the profane influence of the west, especially USA and

School Shootings and Focus Group Research Paper

School Shootings and Focus Group - Research Paper Example A scrutiny of the circumstances adjacent to the matter is then conducted to get the big picture: evaluating the condition while paying attention to risk or perceived risk, technical intricacy, jurisdiction, character of the conflict, intensity of the conflict, region extent and interests, geographic precincts, pecuniary allusions, media concerns, and the current public consultations. Problem definition: authentication or adjustment of the fundamental nature, progressive precision of the preliminary definition. There is an important need to comprehend and to take account of various viewpoints of all stakeholders in order to express their concerns. The principle of â€Å"it is better to be roughly correct than precisely incorrect† dominates this phase so as to determine overall priority for this problem. In the last 20 years, public policy elites and professors have been faced up to an option to adopt the customary positivist approach which is based on ratio ­nality, impartiality, and money matters e.g. Weimer and Vining (2004), or a post-positivist approach based on politics, partisanship, and egalitarianism e.g. Ander ­son (2006). In their book Public Policy Praxis: A Case Approach for Understanding Policy and Analysis Clemons & McBeth (2009), adopted a mixed approach, based on the improvement and training of cases. My argument is that; while the attitudes of the post-positivist of the facilitators are informative, have noticed the most imperative deficit in the growth of the policy sciences, and have put into account that ways to triumph over the market prejudice of the behavioral forms that remain greatly uninvestigated in the policy sciences, there has been little information on handle the conflicts posed by the two viewpoints which in some point contradict each other. Surveys presuppose that individuals be acquainted a well laid out knowledge of how they feel an assumption that

Research Hypothesis Essay Example for Free

Research Hypothesis Essay Null Hypothesis: The new developed drug has no considerable difference from the standard multi-drug regimen used by most cancer patients (Â µ1 = Â µ2). Alternative Hypothesis: The new developed drug is considerably better from the standard multi-drug regimen used by most cancer patients (Â µ1 Â µ2). The dependent variable in the study is the so-called ‘level of efficacy’ (or in simple term, the level of effectiveness of the drug). This independent variable may be measured by: 1) T-cell counts among AIDS patients, 2) improved blood circulation (measured by blood pumped per ounce per second), and 3) rate of antibody formation. For the sake of simplicity, we shall only consider the first measure of ‘efficacy’ (T-cell counts among AIDS patients). The independent variable in the study is the ‘type of drug’ used to treat patients with AIDS. Method For the purpose of theoretical efficiency, we can assume the existence of two groups. Group A is a population sample treated with the ‘new developed drug.’ Group B is a population sample treated with the standard multi-drug regimen. Note that both drugs are assumed to have a general effect on the mitigation of AIDS among patients. A higher population mean (measured by T-cell counts) would indicate a higher ‘level of efficacy.’ Biases Experimenter bias may be exhibited in the study as: 1) error in the specification of experimental maneuver, 2) error in the measurement of outcomes, and 3) faulty interpretation of data. Because of the complexity of the study, it is very likely for the researcher to commit the second error. Selection bias is not present in the study. Ethical Issues There are two pressing ethical issues in the study. First, it is generally unethical to use an untested drug (medical) to a group of AIDS patients (although it may be argued that the drug has been tested many times in the laboratory). Second, it is dangerous to test the efficacy of two sets of drugs to ‘actual’ patients.

Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper -- Morals Ethics Decision ma

Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper Personal, organizational, and cultural values are the basis of an individual's personal and professional decision-making style. These values are the key ingredients that make up our core beliefs. Values are ideas that are actions which could be right or wrong, good or bad that are the basis of human action (Tosi 2000). Personal values might also be called morality, since they reflect general expectations of any person in any society, acting in any capacity. These are the principles we try to instill in our children, and expect of one another without needing to articulate the expectation or formalize the process in any way. Family is the first school for a child where the seeds of cultural values are sown (Jain para 6). Cultural values are the beliefs of a human group that one can identify. Cultural value is the newest terminology which is used in literature on international relationships and economics. Individuals acting in an organization take on an additional burden of ethical res ponsibility. For example, organizations have codes of ethics that prescribe required behavior within the context of a professional practice such as medicine, law, accounting, or engineering. These written codes provide rules of conduct and standards of behavior based on the principles of Professional Ethics (Colero para15). Personal Values My personal values include hard work, honesty, achieving success in life, being flexible and helping others. My values evolve around leading a fulfilling lifestyle that allows me to be a supportive, loving and contributing member of my family and community. A clear picture of our personal values allows us to rank the tasks on our "to do" lists according to how closely... ...dividual Employees in Organizations-An Integration Framework. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge (8) 2, 105-112. Retrieved March 30, 2006 from EBSCOhost Database. Payne, Neil. (Feb 2006)International affairs: in today's global market, knowing how to conduct cross-cultural meetings is essential.(Motivation). In Kitchen & Bath Business, 53, p30(1). Retrieved April 03, 2006, from InfoTrac OneFile Siva, Manu. Difference in Cultural Values. India Today (20) 3. 45-48 Retrieved April 03, 2006 from http://www.indiatoday.com. Soin, Raj. Clarifying and Applying Personal Values: Priorities and Integrity Retrieved. April 1, 2006 from http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/skills/values.htm Tosi, Henry L (2000). Cultures: National and Organizational. Managing Organizational Behavior, 4th Edition, 341-383. New York: Blackwell Publishers

Define the Role of the Nurse – 500 Words

This assignment will define the role of the nurse in healthcare and outline the different qualities required for this profession. Berridge and Liddle (2010) demonstrate that the definition of nursing according to the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is â€Å"the use of clinical judgement in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to cope with health problems and to achieve the best possible quality of life,whatever their disease or disability, until death. †A nurse is an individual who understands and respects their patients as individuals and does not judge them regardless of differences in morals or beliefs. It is essential that the ill and vulnerable feel that a nurse is competent, will listen, support and guide them and keep sensitive, personal information confidential. Nurses have a duty to provide dignified care to patients whilst maintaining their professional behaviour at all times. Recently stories have dominated headlines when th ere is evidence of poor care.BBC News (2012) Campaign to show ‘skill and compassion' of nurses aims to show the reality of nursing on a daily basis, assisted with a short film. The intention of this film is to reassure the public of the professionalism, dedication and quality of care nurses provide to their patients, regardless of negative coverage occasionally portrayed by the media. A nurse needs to show empathy to patients by providing comfort, security and efficient delivery of treatment throughout recovery which can be an emotional and sometimes a traumatic experience for both parties.It is also vital for nurses to adopt excellent communication skills, especially speaking and listening. As Davies (2012,p. 69) explains, communication skills are essential for understanding patients and putting them at ease. By using reflective skills, showing interest and asking appropriate questions, the relationship between the nurse and the patient should ultimately strengthen through tr ust and reassurance. Nurses frequently face difficult decisions which require a motivational, supportive person to act as a leader to their colleagues. One of the most important qualities of nursing is being an effective team player.This means working together within the multidisciplinary team, constructively sharing ideas and evaluating and delivering the highest quality of care for patients. Nursing is a continuous lifelong learning profession which requires individuals to learn new clinical skills and to continue educating themselves throughout their career. Nurses should have an appropriate amount of knowledge regarding illnesses and medical conditions. This knowledge will enable the nurse to competently answer questions or concerns from patients and their families.Emory University ‘A touching experience' quotes from Maya Angelou on how nurses should be perceived: â€Å"As a nurse, we have the opportunity to heal the heart, mind, soul, and body of our patients, their fami lies and ourselves. They may forget your name, but they will never forget how you made them feel. † In past decades, conditions, policies and uniforms may have changed, however, the compassion, dedication and quality of care shown by many people as â€Å"angels without wings† continues to make a difference, however small it may be to peoples lives.References Anna,P. 2012 A touching experience. Atlanta, Georgia: Emory University. Available from: http://www. emorynursingnow. com/a-touching-experience/ (Accessed 11 October 2012). Davies,N. ,2012 Attention, courtesy and patience: how to talk to patients effectively. Nursing Standard, 27(4),p69. Berridge,P. And Liddle,C,2010. Fundamentals of Nursing made incredibly easy. Euradius, Netherlands: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Dreaper,J Campaign to show â€Å"skills and compassion† of nurses. BBC News, 17 September 2012. Available from: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/health/19602792 (Accessed 10 October 2012).

Nietzsche and the Superman

The philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche has four themes: nihilism, morality, the will to power, and eternal recurrence. It is important to know and to understand first these themes so as to comprehend the value of Nietzsche proclaiming the struggle to be a superman. Nietzsche perceives nihilism as the product of an accelerating corrosion of religious and cultural beliefs at the heart of European civilization at the end of the 19th century. Thinkers during the Enlightenment period, who uphold the supremacy of reason over faith, challenge supernatural truths, demanding explanations of the afterlife, the soul, and God that are amenable to human logic and the senses. This mode of thinking seriously challenge and influence to undermine the basic tenets of Christianity and European culture. The statement of Nietzsche, â€Å"God is dead,† is the greatest expression of nihilism. From a viewpoint that God is none existent, Nietzsche sees man’s life as characterized by an aimless relativity that is experienced by him in every sphere of reality – cultural, political, historical, and philosophical. God, considered to be a supreme value, no longer exists. When the highest values consequently become devalued or rejected, nihilism emerges. A case in point, if a supreme value is non-existent, what is there that serves as basis for the existence of things? Man is therefore incapacitated to arrive at certainty about knowledge of reality or of his world. The highest values become devalued not in the sense that man knowingly confronts an eternal abyss in fear and trembling, but the highest values simply no longer exist. These values no longer exert influence. Man accepts this event not with stoic resignation but in total unawareness (Magnus, 1978: 11). Man lives in a society, and is bound by its conventions. When he is born, given to him are his race or ethnicity, status, and role to fulfill in society. Man takes these things and lives his life according to these, often done unconsciously. The second theme of Nietzsche’s philosophy is the master and slave morality. The master morality is born out of higher qualities inherent in the greatest men. Moral judgments are made according to the qualities of the person and not to his actions. A noble statesman is always deemed good, someone who is worth emulating. On the one hand, slave morality is an almost unconscious condition that holds sway over the vast majority of men. The moral standard is that which is useful or beneficial for the many or for the community. The noble statesman, who is deemed good by the standards of master morality, is judged as vile according to the standards of slave morality. Majority of men are suspicious of the leaders that rule over them, and are influenced not immediately because their actions but by their role of ruling over the majority. This value system is an unfortunate vestige of millennia-old social and religious systems, which perpetuate outdated and corrupt moral values such as humility, sympathy, and the like (Magnus, 1978). Nihilism is a life without depth. It is a life of endless wandering, moreover with the fact that man is often unconscious of it. Man hence has to be made to see that this nihilism is the form of life that he has become. He has become a slave, who is one among the many. He must come to know that he lives a passive nihilism, submitting to the fate of the many, and must overcome this, which is to become a master. He must overcome himself. Indeed to change man’s nihilistic idea, he has to change his habitual way of viewing the world. He has to transform his way of understanding religions, moral behavior, language, and political and social institutions of which he is a part (Magnus, 1978: 12). This is where the superman of Nietzsche gains significance. Since the highest values no longer exert influence, Nietzsche proclaims that men have to struggle to become the superman. The superman represents ascending to life, self-overcoming, self-possession, and is to be contrasted with decadence, decomposition, and weakness. As an idealized type, he represents the highest possible integration of intelligence, strength of character and will, autonomy, passion, taste and perhaps even of physical prowess (Magnus, 1978: 34). The task of the superman is to become individuated in an extreme degree and thus to rise high above morality and the herd morality. Man has to question conventional truths that have been accepted by society, and for him to in fact rise above these truths. He has to formulate those high values for himself, and thus end his aimless wandering. There are three steps that Nietzsche espouses in struggling to become a superman. In his book Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche portrays this struggle as the metamorphoses of the camel, the lion, and the child.   First is that one must exert a will to power which is demonstrated in that person’s extinguishing of his nihilism and in a profound reevaluation of traditional moral ideas and the creation of radical new concepts. For this to be realized, one has to be immersed as an active agent with the structure in which one finds himself. Referring to the camel, it submits to burdensome labor. It offers itself to be employed in order for society to attain its good. In doing this, the camel realizes itself and acknowledges its value in that society. Upon realizing that one’s value or worth is endowed by society instead of emanating from oneself, the will to power must also manifest itself destructively in the form of an abhorrence and total rejection of the moral and social ideas hitherto believed by mankind. â€Å"In the loneliest desert, however, the second metamorphoses occurs, here the spirit becomes a lion which would conquer its freedom and be master in its own desert. Here it seeks out its last master: it wants to fight and its last god; for ultimate victory it wants to fight with the great dragon.† (Nietzsche, 2006: 14) Referring to the lion, it projects pride, strength, autonomy, and passion to assert and to distinguish itself among the many. It strives to dominate or to be above the rest. â€Å"My brothers, why is there a need in the spirit for the lion? †¦to create new values†¦that is within the power of the lion. The creation of freedom for oneself and a sacred â€Å"No† even to duty – for that my brothers the lion is needed.† (Nietzsche, 2006: 15) Last is that one must perpetually involve himself in an act of self-overcoming. The will to power is a struggle both against oneself and other men that have adhered to conventions in society. Referring to the child, he is free from internal constraints. He is emancipated from the cares of this world. â€Å"†¦my brothers, what can the child do that even the lion could not do?†¦A child is innocence and forgetting, a new beginning, a game, a self-propelled wheel, a first movement, a sacred Yes. For the game of creation, my brothers, a sacred â€Å"Yes† is needed: the spirit now wills its own will, and he who had been lost to the world now conquers his own world.† (Nietzsche, 2006: 15) A child creates and possesses his own values and sees the world according to these values. To become a child, to have a freedom like his, this is man has to struggle for. The last theme in Nietzche’s philosophy is eternal recurrence. This is his central and most famous philosophical idea. This his conviction that at some time in the future another individual would be born with precisely the same thought-processes and experiences as himself. Furthermore, Nietzsche’s principle of love of fate is purely antithetical to religion: rather than live your life in preparation for such supernatural illusions as heaven, one must rather embrace this life and wish every feature and moment of it to be repeated forever, since only this life exist and none other. This idea may be horrifying and paralyzing for most people but it is a necessary conviction for the attainment of full individuation. II The struggle to become a superman arises from an external force, that is social structures, and from an internal force, that is emanating from the individual. Man is born free, yet he is situated in a massive and oppressive social structure, which limits and alienates his activities. He lives with a set of beliefs and values that influence his thoughts and actions. But are these beliefs and values that he adheres to are instilled consciously by him? Not all, and even most of these beliefs and values are already present when he was born. He is born in a family, baptized or inducted into a particular religion, taught with customs and traditions of his native place, bounded to the laws of his people or nation, and the like. As he matures, he takes these beliefs and values into himself without much evaluation since these are what he got to grow up with and such are the conventions that his society got used to live with.   He is born a peasant or a working class. He would be taught or trained to be a worker; would have a family and would pass his learning to his children. He would unfortunately die a peasant or a working class. This is what usually happens to man. This is the curse of the many. Is man totally free then? The answer is that an individual has the capacity to go beyond the present, to move toward the future. Man has the capacity to choose and decide for himself.   What he does ought to be determined by him and not by the social laws or larger social structures wherein he is situated. Though he lives in a society, he is not bounded by its conventions. Man has the prerogative for transcendence, the surpassing of the given. Freedom however demands that man be responsible for it. It is simply to take the consequences of choice. People are free to choose for themselves or to decide for their lives. They are responsible for everything they do. They have no excuses for the outcomes of their choice. And that is the staggering responsibilities of freedom, which cause anguish to some while a source of optimism to those who see their fate in their hands. The struggle to become a superman involves that anguish because due to the staggering resonsbilities of freedom. Friedrich Nietzsche in his work, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, has wrote: â€Å"The Superman is the meaning of the Earth. Let your will say: The Superman shall be the meaning of the Earth! I conjure you, my brethren, remain true to the Earth, and believe not those who speak unto you of superearthly hopes! Poisoners are they, whether they know it or not. Despisers of life are they, decaying ones and poisoned ones themselves, of whom the earth is weary: so away with them!† (Nietzsche, 2006:4) It is a challenge to question a universal system of thought that reveals what is true, right, beautiful, and so on that led to the closure of philosophy and the human sciences. It is to challenge convention. â€Å"Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the Superman – a rope over an abyss. A dangerous crossing, a dangerous wayfarign, a dangerous looking-back, a dangerous trembling and halting. I love him who lived in order to know, and seek to know in order that the Superman may hereafter live. Thus seek he his own down-going.† (Nietzsche, 2006: 6) Life is a theatre, and we are the actors. We can choose to play our own roles, and not be determined by the roles that are given to us by society. That is the Superman. REFERENCES Magnus, Bernard (1978). Nietzsche's Existential Imperative. United States: Indiana University Press. Nietzche, F. (2006 ed.) Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.      

7 Good Reasons to Leave a Job

7 Good Reasons to Leave a Job You’ve worked incredibly hard to get where you are. You’ve secured a position you’re sure you should feel incredibly grateful to be in. But what if you’re not happy? What if you’re not where you’re supposed to be? Is it time to leave? While there are a number of risks associated with cutting your losses, particularly if you’re more established in your career and job hopping remains a stigma in your field, there are a number of good reasons why you should push through and make a change.1. You’re not getting paid what you are worth.If you find out that you’re making less than the market rate and then find out that your boss won’t budge with your salary. Money isn’t the only factor in keeping a job. It’s not the only thing that matters when it comes to career fulfillment, but sometimes it should be taken into serious consideration. Especially if it means you aren’t being valued as you should.2. Yo ur health is suffering.If your job is causing so much stress that it’s affecting your health, then it’s almost certainly time to back away. The connection between stress and physical health is a real one and risking your body is not worth the risk.3. There’s nowhere to grow.You’ve been in the same place for a long time, jobwise. Other people have been promoted around you or have moved onto better things. You really love your job, but you have to think about your future. If you’ve been stuck in your position for years and there’s no room above you to grow? Go somewhere else.4. It’s shady.If you’re being treated unfairly or can see someone being treated unfairly, or perhaps you’ve noticed unethical or illegal dealings†¦ any one of these things should be grounds for your red flags to fly.5. Your boss doesn’t have your back.You’re not supported. You’re not encouraged. And when the stuff hits the fan , your boss is just not in your corner. It’s important to have a boss who challenges and nurtures you, who helps you to grow your skills and achieve more. If you don’t have that, it might be worth looking around until you find it.6. You have no security.You feel like you’re always waiting for the axe to fall or the other shoe to drop. There are layoffs or changes all the time. Your position continues to morph in ways that don’t make sense or fulfill you. And whenever you ask for answers, none are forthcoming. If you feel insecure or in the dark, it might be time to move on.7. You just don’t care.You know when you’ve mentally checked out and are no longer trying or caring. If you’ve gotten to that point it’s time to do some serious soul-searching. Either figure out how to get your head back in the game or figure out how to get out of your dead end job.

American During its longest war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American During its longest war - Essay Example Thesis statement: America’s wars on poverty and Southeast Asia relate in the sense that social legislation slowed down because Johnson’s government did not have enough economic power to deal with domestic poverty. The military spent a majority of the budget on the Southeast Asia war. America underwent several encounters during its longest war. With this new convention, Social Security and welfare were born. These programs were part of social legislation in the United States. In the process, insuring the jobless, helping senior citizens and the blind directly, and payments to orphans or absentee fathers were the duty of the government (Murrin, Johnson, McPherson, Fahs, Gerstle, Rosenberg, and Rosenberg 989). In 1966, Johnson managed to construct a Congress that settled on domestic war, as well as the progress it made towards its fulfillment. Even so, incidents in Southeast Asia started to outshine Johnson’s national accomplishments slowly (Murrin, Johnson, McPherson, Fahs, Gerstle, Rosenberg, and Rosenberg 991). For instance, finances Johnson intended on combating poverty in the United States began redirection to the Vietnam War. Conservatives in Johnson’s administration slandered him for his national policies and liberals for his aggressive position on Southeast Asia. When America’s war in Vietnam became mostly violent in 1965, Johnson made them the topic of his secretly recorded and annotated transcriptions. Johnson discusses consecutive developments of the United States’ connection with the Vietnam War. These developments changed an assisting and advice-giving military effort into a radical, complete American war (Murrin, Johnson, McPherson, Fahs, Gerstle, Rosenberg, and Rosenberg 998). Between 1964 and 1965, a series of congressional decisions to take serious military action in Vietnam simply Americanized the Southeast Asian conflict. These decisions range from the events of the Tonkin

How to improve police image in Luassane, Switzerland Research Paper

How to improve police image in Luassane, Switzerland - Research Paper Example There is a need to find out the actual cause and the most appropriate solution. The current image of the police force in Lausanne The police in Lausanne are struggling with an image problem. The head of the police department resigned citing criticism over policing in the Vaud capital. This has caused the police department to be in a state of confusion. The police chief challenged anyone capable of leading the police department to come forth and take charge. This exposes the desperation the police leadership in Lausanne. The police leadership tends to lack a strong sense of direction. This trickles down the police ranks in the police department, (Chan, 1997). The police policies are non functional. The youths over drink openly and women can walk for long alone due to insecurity concerns. Police leadership makes decrees which are not part of the police policy. The police are perceived to be soft on crime. The people of the city are increasingly becoming insecure. This is because the po lice are ineffective. For instance, the streets became a battlefield following a dispute between hockey team fans in Lausanne and Fribourg. This led to arrests and fights. The police were clearly unable to handle the situation in the city. The police leadership does not take the responsibility when such events occur. The police department needs an urgent rebranding in order to win the public confidence. The police have lacked morale and are not motivated, (Cameron, 2004). Drug peddling is rampant in Lausanne city. The police are not able to deal with the drug menace effectively. However, the police department keeps making empty promises on dealing with illegal drug trade and smuggling, (Skogan, 2004). The ideal image. The police should have a credible and organized leadership in Lausanne. The leadership of the police force should come up with practical and effective policies. The police should make every part of the city accessible by making sure that there is adequate security in a nd around Lausanne. This shall make sure children can freely play in La Broutte Park. The police should stop all the drug peddling networks. This shall help the youth become more responsible in their conduct. All bars in Lausanne should open and close in the legally stipulated time, (Kratcoski, 2007). The police should enforce proper management of bars. This shall ensure responsible drinking from the youths. The police department should demonstrate zeal and diligence in the job. Furthermore, the police should be extremely firm on dealing with crime in the city. Criminal should be arrested and prosecuted. Moreover, the police should always ensure there is order in Lausanne even in the event of games or other significant activities. The aim is to avoid arresting the innocent and enhance community policing. In case of any concern, the police should respond with clear statements to avoid ambiguity. The police spokes person should perform his or her job professionally. The police should come up with a policy that minimizes tension between the force and the members of the public. Methodology Questionnaires The research included giving 20 questionnaires to Lausanne residents. This was done at random. Interviews Structured interviews were conducted to the members of the public who were willing to participate. 10 interviews were conducted with regard to the same. Integrity of the research All respondents were assured that the information they gave would be treated with confidence. They also participated with informed consent

Redesign UC Davis bookstore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Redesign UC Davis bookstore - Essay Example The university soon took control of the UCD Davis bookstore and established itself as its legitimate owner over time. After a period of time ASUCD tried to regain control of the bookstore. It culminated when; in 1982 ASUCD sued the UC Regents for one million dollars in lost profits and for control of the bookstore. The university did not respond well and even threatened to kick ASUCD off campus and to revoke ASUCD owned Unitrans’ – the primary bus service within the campus – insurance. Eventually, ASUCD dropped its lawsuit and signed a Memorandum of Understanding to relinquish all control of the bookstore; in return, ASUCD receives $20,000 a year from the bookstore’s revenue to use on the Memorial Union. The university’s ownership of the bookstore is strong and will continue to hold for the years to come. Another reason that it does not perform to it full potential and the subsequent need to redesign the space is the fact that the UC Davis Bookstore sells more than just books. The range of products available inside the store makes it more like a one-stop shop for students needs. If the space is cluttered or disorganized, the flow of goods and people within the store will also suffer.

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example This will range from an individual to an organisation. A contractor of a construction project can subcontract the electricity wiring to the subcontractor. Recommendation as a subcontractor or main contractor The amount of resources available would determine whether a company or an individual can be the main contractor or the subcontractor. The private family owned company would be better off operating as a sub contractor rather than a main contractor or even carrying out both the activities of the main contractor and the subcontractor. The operations of the company as evidenced by the financial statements indicate large amounts of sum that has been used to transact the liabilities. As much as the liabilities still run lower than the assets, the margin is very small and would not guarantee that the company will not incur losses soon. A company would consider being a main contractor or a subcontractor depending on the balance between the assets and liabilities. This financial statement is important to determine the profitability and the liquidity of the company. A subcontractor may decide to operate so not only because of the limit of resources but because the subcontractor is more specialised in a given section of the contract than the main contractor. The company’s decision to become a main or subcontractor should be based on the health and safety of the employees and workers of the organisation which would have been provided to give a judgement that is based on all the factors that affect the operation of the compan

The Limitation Of Emarketing Marketing Essay

The Limitation Of Emarketing Marketing Essay Take Saks Fifth Avenue as an example, it invited people to go into their shop and take photos about the thing which they find in the shop, they cannot live without, the winner of this campaign can win $1,000. This company use Instagram as a platform to spread this message out of crowd, it also use the participators to help that company to do promotions because people who take part in this campaign needs to go into their shop and find a product that they cannot live without and photo that product and post it on their Instagram pages. Firstly, you need to be fans of that company so that you post your photo on Instagram and the company knows that you have participated. Secondly, this campaign can increase the visiting of the shop or even more sales. Thirdly, when you post photos on your Instagram at the meanwhile, you are sharing something to your friends or people who follow you. Moreover, sometimes when you post something on your Instagram, it can also post something on your twitter a nd Facebook simultaneously. On the other hand, the company only needs to pay $1,000 in order to get access to your social networks. If the company uses traditional marketing strategy, it may need to pay double or triple price in order to get a few seconds of advertisement on TV, but the result is not that big. If you think deeply, the company has a slightly chance to earn back the cost within a few months because participators think that they cannot live without that product, that means they require to have that product in their life, it may encourage their wants so they may spend money on that company so the firm can earn more than the cost. Moreover, if companies organize a lucky draw in Facebook, it may require people to give some personal information to them in order to maintain that activity. Through that lucky draw, the company may need to give out a few products but the company can gain attention from public and collect people personal information to be used in the future. Furthermore, Starbucks organized a campaign on Instagram which encourage people to share their favorite drinks of Starbucks through Instagram and tag Starbucks. Through this campaign, Starbucks gained a lot not only revenues from drinks which people bought and photo it on Instagram but also many advertisements spread among social network due to the fact that when you share your photo on Instagram, you are sharing photo to friends you have on Facebook and twitter which makes you share one photo on multiple channels. Moreover, if one of your friends likes your photo on Facebook, he will also help you to spread your photo to his Facebook with his friends. If this happens continuously, Starbucks will gain attention of their products all over the world. In addition, people who follow Starbuck on Instagram can get large information of products which supplied by Starbucks and Starbucks sells their product by view of third party which is more persuasive. In addition, viral marketing includes tag tool. Nowadays many companies have set up their own Facebook pages which allow them to have many followers. When they want to sell a new product or service, they will tag people who follow their Facebook page to announce the new coming product. Before pop up of e-marketing, people used to sell their product by goodwill and spread by connecting others. Compared with viral marketing, this strategy is low efficient and takes times. Traditional marketing cannot allow people update information immediately, it transports message to customers in a slow way compared with viral marketing which spread like a virus. Affiliate Marketing Affiliate Marketing is one kind of marketing strategy which is popular recently; it works out by using the power of join force. Company finds different industries companies as partners to promote its own products on their website, at the same time company helps its partners to promote and advertise their products. Except promote its own companys products on multiple websites, company also can gain revenue for successful selling its partners products. On the other hand, company also needs to pay partners for transaction of its own products. In order to be successful in affiliate marketing, there are four elements. Firstly, the retailer is used for sales of products. Secondly, the network, which uses to enhance exposure of company products, is essential because it is a platform for company and its partners to share their products with each other and use their network to sell its own product. Thirdly, partners are more important in this marketing because the key term is the joining forc e. Fourthly, customers are necessary because the end of marketing strategy is to sell more products to more customers. Advantages of that marketing strategy are lower cost of marketing, increase the volume of companys website, this marketing strategy also providing extra revenue for company. Affiliate marketing is lower cost of marketing because it charges either cost per sales, cost per click or cost per lead. For cost per sales, company will be charge to pay its advertisement according to sales volumes made by its partners; it will ensure that company only need to pay when company earns money. Additional, cost per click means as long as advertisement click by customers and review, company will need to pay for its exposure. Moreover, cost per lead is a way that company will pay when partners successfully to link customers to advertisement of company and fill their information. Either of way, the cost is lower than usual marketing strategy however, the outcome of affiliate marketing is better than traditional marketing because people can buy companies/ its partners product in multiple places, also co mpany may has its chance to work with big company as its partners to boost up its sales. I would like to use Amazon as an example to illustrate affiliate marketing strategy which it quite successful in Amazon. Amazon began as an e-tailor bookstore. However, after a period of time, Amazon started to use affiliate marketing strategy. Nowadays people want to shop, the first thing comes up their mind is Amazon. Due to fact of many affiliates in Amazon, Amazon can sell variety type of products to satisfy customers needs. Meanwhile, Amazon can earn a huge amount of profit from this affiliate to support its operation. Why people choose Amazon is the key reason why Amazons affiliate marketing strategy becomes successful. Amazon is a well-known brand which is the first requirement. And Amazon is a well-known brand also helps to people to feel safe with clicking on Amazons link which lead to lesser-known company. Moreover, Amazon only takes maximum 30% as its commission which is ridiculously small. This action can allow people to earn more. Proximity Marketing (Mobile Marketing) Proximity marketing is the localized wireless distribution of advertising content associated with a particular place. Transmissions can be received by individuals in that location who wish to receive them and have the necessary equipment to do so. The reason why mobile marketing has become the trend of marketing is based on the fact of fast development of smart phone. Nowadays almost everyone in developed countries has a smart phone with them typically Hong Kong. People will no longer use PC to connect to internet; they can use their smart phone which allows them to check email, Facebook easier than before. This change ,also rewrite marketing history, it opens more ways to company in order to promote their products to customers, allows people to receive information no matter why they are as long as they have a smart phone with them. Within mobile marketing, people use two main functions of smart phone as a way to promote their products, those functions are texting and Wi-Fi. Texting can be used as a marketing strategy is because there are 10 trillion messages sent globally per day in 2012, can u imagine how often people text? According to this fact, people use texting as a way to promote their product. Did you give your mobile phone number to any shop when you become a member of shop? If yes, I guess you already have experience of getting marketing text which contents the latest news/ promotion of that shop. However, did you realize how quickly you response to text rather than e-mail? According to statistics, 97% of people will response to text within a few minutes, that response rate is 7 to 15 times quicker than email. And that is part of the reason why companies are likely to use text marketing instead of email marketing anymore. Take Netpunch company as an example, it is a company which sells mobile marketing to others. It put a video online on YouTube and tell people how good mobile marketing it is and if people is interested, please send it a text (Netpunch) to the number it provide at the end on the video then the company will inform you more information through text. How convince this way to communicate to your clients? Communicate through text and lowering cost of employees because you dont need somebody to ask the phone call, you just reply peoples text and give more information about things that they are interested. Also, by different text content you can category different needs of people. If you company has ten different types of products by typing different content in text, you can able to identify them and reply information they want to know. Text marketing happens based on customers want to receive more information about your company, through this way, marketing becomes more effective. Also, did you even forward your message received from one company to your friends? When you saw message, you find the discount given by that company is cheap, you may want to forward to your friends so they can enjoy that discount too . In this way, message spreads no only between you and company but also between your friends, company can gain more revenue through spreading process. Compared with advertisement cost, text marketing which is a lower cost and more effective and efficient. Moreover, text marketing also helps to build a two-way communication between company and client. Furthermore, it is easy to track result of that campaign such as A company is offering discount to its customers by sending them some codes when customers come into A company and use their codes. A company is able to identify the result of campaign through codes use by customers. Wi-Fi becomes more and more essential when we use smart phone more frequently. Therefore, people think of ways to promote their product through Wi-Fi system which has in every smart phone. In order to advertise people, company needs to put a system in a public and crowd place such as mall, bus stop etc. Through putting a system in mall, it can identify people by their own smartphone, once they step into mall, the system will send a message to ask whether they want to accept information from the mall, if yes, the system will automatically send them different promotions within the mall. This situation also applies in bus stop when people are waiting bus, they can receive information from companies of selling their product. Compared with bus stop, the way to promote advertisement in mall will be more effective because when people go to mall, they may want to shop for something, thats why people will 100% open and accept to receive information from the mall. This strategy helps companies generate more sales. Limitation of e-marketing: Although there are lots of advantages of using e-marketing, there are still some limitations. We would like to divide that into two big categories which are technology and non-technology. In technology part, lack of sufficient systems security, reliability, standards, and communication protocols, insufficient telecommunication bandwidth, maintenance costs due to a constantly evolving environments and low connection speed are essential to success of e-marketing. Lack of sufficient systems security, reliability, standards, and communication protocols will leads to failure of e-marketing because the infrastructure of communication with customers is incomplete. Due to incomplete infrastructure, companies may not be able to respond to customers in time. This act will make company lose some of its customers. Insufficient telecommunication bandwidth affects the way companies and customers communicate to each other. In order to communicate within the internet, sufficient bandwidth is essential; it affects success of internet marketing. How can you see and spread your message within Facebook without bandwidth? Sufficient bandwidth allows people spread message between others become more effective and efficient. Due to software development tools are still evolving and changing rapidly, maintenance costs may be high in order to keep up with new development of technology. This will make small company step back about using e-marketing because this may be costly to small firm in order to hold an IT team to promote their product online. Companies have low connection speed may lose its customers because some companies use Wi-Fi marketing require a high respond rate to customers, if they fail to do this, they may lose their chance to promote their products to customers. Also, low connection speed may affect the availability people receive information from outsiders. Typically affect mobile marketing because mobile marketing becomes more and more important due to people use mobile to surf the Internet rather than a PC. However, if the connection speed of mobile is so low, it takes 15minutes to get people on Facebook, people may not willing to wait for the time, they may use their PC instead of mobile, it not just only affect mobile marketing but also viral marketing, the speed that message spread between people getting longer, the result of companies will be affected. So far, we discuss limitation of e-marketing on technological way; we would like to continue discuss it on non-technological way which includes lack of personal approach, data may not be updated, content security and privacy issues and physical examination issue. Lack of personal approach will be a major damage to e-marketing, customers may not be able to build up a relationship between customers and companies. Not loyalty to companies will be lead companies lose customers in a sudden. Unlike traditional marketing, salesperson may able to know the name of customer and chat with them face-to-face, e-marketing such as text marketing is just texting between customer and companies, which involves less interaction. Data may not be updated may occur in e-marketing. Small companies may be the largest group that use e-marketing as promoting their product however small companies may have insufficient employees to update their companies Facebook or websites in time. In consequence, companies Facebook or websites are not updated. It may affect the revenue of companies because their new product may not sell well and lose potential customers. Content security and privacy issues also occur when involve in Internet because there is no guarantee that your information will not leak to outsiders. When companies uses Wi-Fi marketing, they may accidently receive many information about customers personal information how to deal with those information is troublesome. The content of text may lead companies to know more about their customers such as their needs and interest or personal information, on the other hand inappropriate deal with those information may lead companies lose huge amount of customers and maybe lawsuit due to leaking information. Unlike traditional marketing, e-marketing does not allow customers to have physical examination on product which is a disadvantage to e-marketing especially when companies are selling food products. Companies may sell their products online however without testing and experiencing by customers themselves, customers may not want to buy it. If companies tell you that its new product A is very tasty, without tasting it are you going to believe it? It may become difficult without tasting; this is a weakness for e-marketing. Recommendations: Outsourcing would be useful to solve data updated and maintenance costs limitation. When companies hire other companies to do their marketing strategy, it can help companies to avoid information of website or Facebook is not update issue. Also, companies dont need to pay a huge amount of maintenance costs because company only need to pay to other companies to help them with maintenance issues. Moreover, companies can send out samples to customers to solve physical examine issue. E-marketing only promote products online without real face-to-face connect and product experience, it leads to less attractive. However, if companies send out some sample to potential customers, they can attract customers after using their products. http://www.standardmarketing.ca/2012/06/use-instagram-your-business/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_marketing#Limitations http://weblogs.about.com/od/monetizingablog/fr/AmazonAssocRev_2.htm http://mobile-marketing-colorado.com/sms-text-marketing-facts-and-benefits http://emarketingtanzania.com/what-is-emarketing/why-emarketing/disadvantages-of-e-marketing http://www.wewanttraffic.com/ebusiness/emarketing/advantages.aspx http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_disadvantages_of_e-marketing http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=limitation+of+e-marketingsource=webcd=5cad=rjaved=0CFUQFjAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cba.edu.kw%2Fabo%2F2007%2FeMarketing%2520ppT.pptei=OFWoUJD3H8T_iAewpYCACQusg=AFQjCNHVk_5JeghkZ56pTH4fqRIGwMA0bw http://blog.i2k2.com/seo/what-are-the-limitations-of-online-marketing/